Carbonate Mud-Mounds

Most of the world’s energy still comes from fossil fuels, and there are still many strides being made in the efficiency and cost effectiveness of extracting these important and increasingly more elusive natural resources. This is only possible if the nature of the emergence, evolution, and parameter estimation of high grade reservoir rocks at great depths is known and a theory of their forecast is developed. Over 60 percent of world oil production is currently associated with carbonate reservoir rocks. The exploration, appraisal and development of these fields are significantly complicated by a number of factors. These factors include the structural complexity of the carbonate complexes, variability of the reservoir rock types and properties within a particular deposit, many unknowns in the evaluation of fracturing and its spatial variability, and the preservation of the reservoir rock qualities with depth. The main objective of most studies is discovering patterns in the reservoir rock property changes of carbonate deposits of different genesis, composition and age. A short list of the unsolved issues includes: the role of facies environment in the carbonate formation; the major geologic factors affecting the formation of high-capacity reservoir rocks and preservation of their properties; recommendations as to the use of the new techniques in studies of the structural parameters; and establishing a correlation between the major evaluation parameters. The focus of this volume is to show the scientific and engineering community a revolutionary process. The author perfected an earlier developed methodology in studies of the void space structure (Bagrintseva’s method, 1982). This methodology is based on carbonate rock saturation with luminophore and on special techniques in processing of photographs made under UV light. The luminophore technique was combined with the raster electron microscopy and its variation, the studies under the cathode luminescence regime. This combination enabled a more detailed study of the reservoir void space, the nonuniformity in the open fracture evolution, their morphology, length and variability of openness. Over recent years these techniques have found wide application. Useful for the veteran engineer or scientist and the student alike, this book is a must-have for any geologist, engineer, or student working in the field of upstream petroleum engineering.

An accessible resource, covering the fundamentals of carbonate reservoir engineering Includes discussions on how, where and why carbonate are formed, plus reviews of basic sedimentological and stratigraphic principles to explain carbonate platform characteristics and stratigraphic relationships Offers a new, genetic classification of carbonate porosity that is especially useful in predicting spatial distribution of pore networks. Includes a solution manual

Carbonate cements are very common and abundant in clastic sequences. They profoundly influence the quality of hydrocarbon reservoirs and supply important information on palaeoenvironments and the chemical composition and flow patterns of fluids in sedimentary basins. Despite this importance, their distribution patterns in time and space and their geochemical evolution are not yet deeply explored and elucidated. This Special Publication contains 21 review papers and case studies on carbonate cementation in clastic sequences written by invited specialists on the subject. These papers present a wide and deep coverage that enhance our knowledge about carbonate cementation in various clastic depositional environments, tectonic settings and burial histories. The book will be of special interest to researchers, petroleum geologists and teachers and students at the postgraduate level. If you are a member of the International Association of Sedimentologists, for purchasing details, please see: http://www.iasnet.org/publications/details.asp?code=SP26

Adopting a unique, integrated engineering approach, this text simultaneously covers all aspects of design and operation, process analysis, optimization, monitoring and control. It clearly presents the multiple advantages of molten carbonate fuel cells for the efficient conversion of energy, and also includes recent developments in this innovative technology. The whole is rounded off by an appendix featuring benchmark problems with equations and parameters. Vital reading for process, chemical and power engineers, as well as those working in power technology, chemists and electrochemists, materials scientists, and energy-supplying companies.

This special publication Perspectives in Carbonate Geology is a collection of papers most of which were presented at a symposium to honor the 80th birthday of Bob Ginsburg at the meeting of Geological Society of America in Salt Lake City in 2005. The majority of the papers in this publication are connected with the study of modern carbonate sediments. Bob Ginsburg pioneered the concept of comparative sedimentology – that is using the modern to compare to and relate to and understand the ancient. These studies are concerned with Bob's areas of passion: coral reefs and sea-level; submarine cementation and formation of beach rock; surface sediments on Great Bahama Bank and other platforms; origin of ooids; coastal sediments; formation of stromatolites; impact of storms on sediments; and the formation of dolomite. The remainder of the papers apply the study of modern environments and sedimentary processes to ancient sediments. Recent other publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS 40 Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Sedimentary Systems From Understanding to Prediction Edited by P. de Boer, G. Postma, K. van der Zwan, P. Burgess and P. Kukla 2008, 336 pages, 172 illustrations 39 Glacial Sedimentary Processes and Products Edited by M.J. Hambrey, P. Christoffersen, N.F. Glasser and B. Hubbard 2007, 416 pages, 181 illustrations 38 Sedimentary Processes, Environments and Basins A Tribute to Peter Friend Edited by G. Nichols, E. Williams and C. Paola 2007, 648 pages, 329 illustrations 37 Continental Margin Sedimentation From Sediment Transport to Sequence Stratigraphy Edited by C.A. Nittrouer, J.A. Austin, M.E. Field, J.H. Kravitz, J.P.M. Syvitski and P.L. Wiberg 2007, 549 pages, 178 illustrations 36 Braided Rivers Process, Deposits, Ecology and Management Edited by G.H. Sambrook Smith, J.L. Best, C.S. Bristow and G.E. Petts 2006, 390 pages, 197 illustrations 35 Fluvial Sedimentology VII Edited by M.D. Blum, S.B. Marriott and S.F. Leclair 2005, 589 pages, 319 illustrations REPRINT SERIES 4 Sandstone Diagenesis: Recent and Ancient Edited by S.D. Burley and R.H. Worden

The Oligocene and Miocene Epochs comprise the most important phases in the Cenozoic global cooling that led from a greenhouse to an icehouse Earth. Recent major advances in the understanding and time-resolution of climate events taking place at this time, as well as the proliferation of studies on Oligocene and Miocene shallow-water/neritic carbonate systems, invite us to re-evaluate the significance of these carbonate systems in the context of changes in climate and Earth surface processes. Carbonate systems, because of a wide dependence on the ecological requirements of organisms producing the sediment, are sensitive recorders of changes in environmental conditions on the Earth surface. The papers included in this Special Publication address the dynamic evolution of carbonate systems deposited during the Oligocene and Miocene in the context on climatic and Earth surfaces processes focusing on climatic trends and controls over deposition; temporal changes in carbonate producers and palaeoecology; carbonate terminology; facies; processes and environmental parameters (including water temperature and production depth profiles); carbonate producers and their spatial and temporal variability; and tectonic controls over architecture. This book is part of the International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS) Special Publications. The Special Publications from the IAS are a set of thematic volumes edited by specialists on subjects of central interest to sedimentologists. Papers are reviewed and printed to the same high standards as those published in the journal Sedimentology and several of these volumes have become standard works of reference.

Так пахнет лес после дождя. Mud 50 открывается прохладными оттенками молока и миндаля. Свежесть слышится и в сердце композиции — ее олицетворяют слива и турецкая роза, которые берет в свои объятия горький шоколад. В шлейфе аромат перерождается и начинает источать янтарные ноты ванили, сандала и элеми. Применение: Распылите с расстояния 20–25 см, избегая попадания на одежду. Не используйте, находясь на солнце.

Легковая шина повышенной проходимости BFGoodrich Mud Terrain T/A KM уважаемого североамериканского производителя предназначена для полноприводных внедорожников, 80% эксплуатации которых приходится на бездорожье и 20% на дороге с твердым покрытием. Дизайн симметричного рисунка протектора предполагает эксплуатацию в жестких условиях бездорожья. Рисунок протектора шины BFGoodrich Mud Terrain T/A KM состоит из двух расположенных в центре рядов отдельных блоков и двух плечевых зон, представляющих по своей сути два ряда блоков. Благодаря массивности блоков и большой глубине рисунка данная шина демонстрирует превосходные тягово-сцепные характеристики при движении по песку, грязи и камням. Одной из отличительных черт протектора шины являются блоки, расположенные в плечевых зонах. Режущие кромки блоков плечевых зон протектора за их исключительное по силе «вгрызание» в поверхность получили от производителя название «Digger Lugz». При разработке дизайна рисунка протектора шины широко применялись средства компьютерного моделирования, обеспечившие шине замечательные характеристики сцепления с каменистыми грунтами и скользкими поверхностями. Каркас шины был разработан с учетом жестких условий эксплуатации по бездорожью. В основе каркаса лежит трехслойный корд, получивший название TriGard. Двухслойный стальной брекер шины также отличается повышенной прочностью. Для предотвращения повреждений боковина шины имеет усиленную двухслойную конструкцию. Кроме того, состав резиновой смеси шины был подобран с целью обеспечения исключительной прочности и износостойкости. Основные особенности шины BFGoodrich Mud Terrain T/A KM Великолепные характеристики сцепления при движении по песку, грязи и камням обеспечены множеством массивных блоков оригинальной формы; Разработанный с использованием средств компьютерного моделирования рисунок протектора шины отличается большой площадью контакта шины; Высочайшая прочность и стойкость к различным агрессивным воздействиям механического характера, благодаря высокой прочности каркаса, брекера и боковин шины; Исключительно высокая прочность и износостойкость шины обеспечивается специально подобранной для условий бездорожья резиновой смеси шины.