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The rushed development of information and communication technologies and their impact on the world of learning in the last decade have profoundly changed the paradigms, scenarios and values at all levels of education. The professionalization of tools and practices, in addition to the consolidation of academic and practical knowledge, has been a major continuing issue throughout these years. The annual conferences of the largest European professional community in distance and e-learning have been setting the landmarks in this process. The selection from this unique knowledge pool demonstrates the deepening and consolidation of knowledge and experience. This book presents the developments in the field of open, distance and e-learning, through new technologies, methodologies and tools, which have profoundly changed the paradigms, scenarios and values at all levels of education over the last decade.

This timely handbook brings academic excellence to international advertising research in the form of 28 contributions from over 40 leading scholars. The handbook’s comprehensive treatment highlights existing knowledge, reports major findings across the subject, and recommends directions and agendas for future research. Fills the existing gap between the rapid growth in scholarly research on international advertising and the pressing need for more high-quality research in the area Covers 28 major areas in international advertising research, with contributions from more than 40 international advertising scholars based in over 10 countries or territories Comprehensive treatment includes the history of international advertising, audiences and media, strategy and execution, content effects, regulation, ethics, and advertising education Highlights existing knowledge in international advertising, reports major findings on a broad range of topics, and offers expert recommendations on directions for future research Contributors represent the most highly respected academics among international advertising researchers

The Handbook of Intercultural Discourse and Communication brings together internationally-renowned scholars from a range of fields to survey the theoretical perspectives and applied work, including example analyses, in this burgeoning area of linguistics. Features contributions from established researchers in sociolinguistics and intercultural discourse Explores the theoretical perspectives underlying work in the field Examines the history of the field, work in cross-cultural communication, and features of discourse Establishes the scope of this interdisciplinary field of study Includes coverage on individual linguistic features, such as indirectness and politeness, as well as sample analyses of IDC exchanges

Interdisciplinarity research results from a growing need for multi-perspective methods, and knowledge on complex and multifaceted objects of study. It is not simply scientific research that involves several disciplines, but ultimately, the aim is confronting this knowledge and – if possible – articulating it coherently. Using specific examples, Methods and Interdisciplinarity categorizes the different modes of interdisciplinarity and discusses the mechanisms of hybridization between them. On the one hand, the book shows how the same issue can be treated according to various points of view from several disciplines, which can give rise to complementary or even contradictory knowledge. On the other hand, it illustrates how methods from some disciplines make it possible to articulate the qualitative or quantitative approaches of others.

Get the most comprehensive coverage of the FASB Codification and the latest FASB updates in a single volume Wiley GAAP 2018: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles is a thorough study and analysis of all US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) set forth in the pronouncements of the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) Codification. All topics are explained with relevant terminology and practice-oriented real world examples. Each chapter is composed of a discussion of perspectives and issues, definitions of terms, concepts, rules, and examples. US GAAP is constantly being updated, and its users require expert interpretation and explanation of the relevant principles. This book provides the most comprehensive coverage of each Codification topic. It contains clear, user-friendly guidance on every pronouncement. Fully up-to-date with all the latest changes, including those to inventory, financial instruments, revenue, and leases Includes more real-world examples and illustrations than competing titles Arranged according to the FASB Codification, all topics are referenced to the Codification Wiley GAAP 2018 renders GAAP more understandable and accessible for research and is designed to reduce the amount of time and effort needed to solve accounting research and implementation issues, making it the best go-to source for CPAs and others working in accounting.

Your one indispensable guide to all the Fair Value requirements of IFRS Acomplete guide to the complex valuation requirements of IFRS, this book includes chapters on theoretical and practical applications, with extensive examples illustrating the required techniques for each application. Appropriate for anyone involved professionally with finance—managers, accountants, investors, bankers, instructors, and students—this guide draws on a stellar panel of expert contributors from fourteen countries who provide international coverage and insight into a diverse range of topics, including: Fair Value in implementing IFRS Market Approach Income Approach—Capitalization and Discounting Methods Economic and Industry Conditions Cost of Capital Financial Statement Analyses Impairment Testing Intellectual Property Rights (patents, copyrights, trademarks) Projecting Financial Statements Liabilities Customer Relationships Share-based Payment Plant and Equipment Guide to Fair Value Under IFRS is the first international valuation book of its kind. Fully compliant with the Certified Valuation Analyst curriculum, it provides detailed guidance as to how fair value is to be determined and fills numerous gaps in common understanding of IFRS requirements.

The most practical, authoritative guide to GAAP Wiley GAAP 2017 contains complete coverage of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), the source of authoritative generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Wiley GAAP renders GAAP more understandable and accessible for research and has been designed to reduce the amount of time and effort needed to solve accounting research and implementation issues. The 2017 edition reflects the new FASB guidance on: Revenue Recognition Leases Business Combinations Pensions Financial Instruments And more than 17 other new FASB Accounting Standards Updates Providing interpretive guidance, analytical explanations, graphic tools, and more than 300 real-world, examples and illustrations, this invaluable guide offers clear, user-friendly guidance on every ASC Topic in the Codification. Offers insight into the application of complex financial reporting rules Contains a detailed index for easy reference use Includes comprehensive cross-referencing to the FASB codification system, making it efficient for you to perform in-depth research As a bonus, a comprehensive disclosure checklist offers practical guidance to preparing financial statements for commercial entities in accordance with GAAP. For easy reference and research, the checklist follows the order of the codification. With easy-to-access information, this reliable resource offers complete coverage of the FASB Codification.

Now fully updated and at your fingertips the most practical, authoritative guide to implementing GAAP Get the answers you need to prepare financial statements and keep up to date on the latest FASB requirements. Now fully revised and updated, Wiley GAAP Policies and Procedures, Second Edition is an ideal companion to the Wiley GAAP guide and provides the practical application information essential to ensuring that a company's accounting systems are fully capable of incorporating the most recent GAAP. A concise version of the more detailed GAAP found in the Wiley GAAP guides, Wiley GAAP Policies and Procedures, Second Edition features handy, illustrative decision trees showing how to determine which GAAP ruling to use in a variety of situations, eliminating hours of time wading through detailed GAAP rulings and presents: * New chapters on interim reporting, segment reporting, and accounting changes and correction of errors * Updated content on FAS No. 151, Inventory Costs, FAS No. 153, Exchanges of Non-monetary Assets, FAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Correction, FAS No. 156, Servicing of Financial Assets * Implementation on nineteen newly issued EITFs * Specific accounting policies that comply with GAAP, especially in terms of creating controls that mesh with GAAP * The most common accounting transactions modified to work within GAAP restrictions * Specific controls that allow the maximum level of control over accounting systems while remaining in compliance with GAAP * Templates for forms and reports that can be used in a GAAP-compliant accounting system * Numerous examples of footnotes that can be used to describe GAAP-mandated financial disclosures * Hundreds of GAAP-compliant journal entries for most accounting transactions Wiley GAAP Policies and Procedures, Second Edition is a valuable tool for CFOs, controllers, accounting managers, and general ledger accountants who need to ensure that their company properly treats all types of accounting transactions in accordance with GAAP.

An engaging and accessible introduction to mathematical proof incorporating ideas from real analysis A mathematical proof is an inferential argument for a mathematical statement. Since the time of the ancient Greek mathematicians, the proof has been a cornerstone of the science of mathematics. The goal of this book is to help students learn to follow and understand the function and structure of mathematical proof and to produce proofs of their own. An Introduction to Proof through Real Analysis is based on course material developed and refined over thirty years by Professor Daniel J. Madden and was designed to function as a complete text for both first proofs and first analysis courses. Written in an engaging and accessible narrative style, this book systematically covers the basic techniques of proof writing, beginning with real numbers and progressing to logic, set theory, topology, and continuity. The book proceeds from natural numbers to rational numbers in a familiar way, and justifies the need for a rigorous definition of real numbers. The mathematical climax of the story it tells is the Intermediate Value Theorem, which justifies the notion that the real numbers are sufficient for solving all geometric problems. • Concentrates solely on designing proofs by placing instruction on proof writing on top of discussions of specific mathematical subjects • Departs from traditional guides to proofs by incorporating elements of both real analysis and algebraic representation • Written in an engaging narrative style to tell the story of proof and its meaning, function, and construction • Uses a particular mathematical idea as the focus of each type of proof presented • Developed from material that has been class-tested and fine-tuned over thirty years in university introductory courses An Introduction to Proof through Real Analysis is the ideal introductory text to proofs for second and third-year undergraduate mathematics students, especially those who have completed a calculus sequence, students learning real analysis for the first time, and those learning proofs for the first time. Daniel J. Madden, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. He has taught a junior level course introducing students to the idea of a rigorous proof based on real analysis almost every semester since 1990. Dr. Madden is the winner of the 2015 Southwest Section of the Mathematical Association of America Distinguished Teacher Award. Jason A. Aubrey, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Director, Mathematics Center of the University of Arizona.

A thorough and self-contained treatment for SAS® users preparing for the Base Programming Certification Exam for SAS® 9—complete with explanations, tips, and practice exam questions SAS® 9 Study Guide is designed to help users of SAS® 9 become familiar with the fine points of the software as well as develop solid study strategies that will shorten preparation time and ensure successful exam results. The following five study topics are addressed with a focused chapter devoted to each: accessing data; creating data structures; managing data; generating reports; and handling errors. SAS® 9 Study Guide provides both a conceptual and practical approach to each of these areas with detailed explanations followed by examples. Each chapter presents concepts, processes, and applications in a clear, step-by-step format along with detailed explanations and examples. Individual chapters also contain: A Two-Minute Drill that provides a checklist of key points for review An Assessment Exam, which challenges readers to provide short answers detailingthe chapter's coverage of SAS® 9 A Practice Exam, which reinforces content and familiarizes readers with the structure ofthe actual Base Programming Certification Exam Written by a practicing SAS® Certified Professional, this book is an intensive, but accessible, review for preparing for the Base Programming Certification Exam for SAS® 9 and can also serve as a practical reference tool for established certified professionals who would like to further their knowledge of SAS® 9.

Key problems for the IEEE Computer Society Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) Certification Program IEEE Computer Society Real-World Software Engineering Problems helps prepare software engineering professionals for the IEEE Computer Society Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) Certification Program. The book offers workable, real-world sample problems with solutions to help readers solve common problems. In addition to its role as the definitive preparation guide for the IEEE Computer Society Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) Certification Program, this resource also serves as an appropriate guide for graduate-level courses in software engineering or for professionals interested in sharpening or refreshing their skills. The book includes a comprehensive collection of sample problems, each of which includes the problem's statement, the solution, an explanation, and references. Topics covered include: * Engineering economics * Test * Ethics * Maintenance * Professional practice * Software configuration * Standards * Quality assurance * Requirements * Metrics * Software design * Tools and methods * Coding * SQA and V & V IEEE Computer Society Real-World Software Engineering Problems offers an invaluable guide to preparing for the IEEE Computer Society Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) Certification Program for software professionals, as well as providing students with a practical resource for coursework or general study.

Available to healthcare professionals for the first time, this book contains proven screening tests to measure neuromotor immaturity in children and adults in order to provide a basis for referral and help. Allows practitioners to screen for disorders of movement that can negatively affect educational performance and emotional function in children and adolescents Assesses instances where disorders of movement in adults are affecting thoughts and behavior, as in panic disorder Provides a novel approach for health care professionals observing aberrant reflexes in the absence of more serious pathology Includes reproducible scoring and observation sheets for practice and serves as the perfect complement to Assessing Neuromotor Readiness for Learning

The most practical, authoritative guide to implementing GAAP Until now, accountants have had no guidance for what controls, policies, procedures, forms, reports, or archiving requirements they should use to properly mesh with the latest GAAP. An ideal companion volume to the Wiley GAAP guide, the GAAP Implementation Guide provides the practical application information essential to ensuring that a company's accounting systems are fully capable of incorporating the most recent GAAP. GAAP Implementation Guide features handy, illustrative decision trees showing how to determine which GAAP ruling to use in a variety of situations, eliminating hours of time wading through detailed GAAP rulings. Other helpful, timesaving features include: A concise version of the more detailed GAAP found in the Wiley GAAP guides Specific accounting policies that comply with GAAP, especially in terms of creating controls that mesh with GAAP The most common accounting transactions modified to work within GAAP restrictions Specific controls that allow the maximum level of control over accounting systems while remaining in compliance with GAAP Templates for forms and reports that can be used in a GAAP-compliant accounting system Numerous examples of footnotes that can be used to describe GAAP-mandated financial disclosures Hundreds of GAAP-compliant journal entries for most accounting transactions Identification of the types of reports and other information to be retained as part of a comprehensive accounting system GAAP Implementation Guide is a valuable tool for CFOs, controllers, accounting managers, and general ledger accountants who need to ensure that their company properly treats all types of accounting transactions in accordance with GAAP.

The bestselling student affairs text, updated for today's evolving campus Student Services is the classic comprehensive text for graduate students in student affairs, written by top scholars and practitioners in the field. Accessible and theoretically grounded, this book reflects the realities of contemporary practice in student affairs. This new sixth edition has been updated throughout to align with current scholarship, and expanded with four new chapters on student development, crisis management, programming, and applications. Twenty new authors join the roster of expert contributors, bringing new perspective on critical issues such as ethical standards, campus culture, psychosocial development, student retention, assessment and evaluation, and much more. End-of-chapter questions help reinforce the material presented, and unique coverage of critical theoretical perspectives, counseling and helping skills, advising, leadership, environmental theories, and other useful topics make this book a foundational resource for those preparing for a student affairs career. The student affairs staff has the responsibility for a vast array of services and support roles for students on every type of campus. This book provides a thorough overview of the field's many facets, with invaluable real-world insight from leading practitioners. Understand the theoretical bases of development, learning, identity, and change Delve into the organizational frameworks vital to any institution Learn the historical context of higher education and the student affairs role Master essential competencies including professionalism, supervision, crisis management, and more As colleges and universities offer more and more services to an increasingly diverse student population, the responsibility for these programs falls to student affairs educators. The role requires a broad skill set, and conceptual grounding in a number of disciplines. Student Services provides the most complete overview of the foundations, philosophies, ethics, and theories that guide today's student affairs professional.

Detailed, practical coverage of GAAP, tailored to not-for-profit organizations Wiley Not-for-Profit GAAP 2016 is a thorough examination of the authoritative standards for measurement, presentation and disclosure as applied to not-for-profit organizations. Due to these organizations' unique characteristics, not-for-profit accountants must adhere to specific Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). These requirements are complex and ever evolving, but this single volume brings them together, providing the most up-to-date information available. Flowcharts and diagrams are used to assist the reader's understanding of the material. Additionally, a financial statement disclosure checklist facilitates GAAP adherence. Designed specifically for accountants in public practice and industry, this guide covers requirements from all relevant organizations, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Accounting Principles Board (APB). Technical and accounting research bulletins are clearly and concisely summarized, as are all statements of position important to not-for-profit organizations. Together, these resources make Wiley Not-for-Profit GAAP 2016 a complete reference tool for auditors and financial personnel in the not-for-profit sector. Refine basic financial statements, including Financial Position, Activities and Cash Flow Tackle not-for-profit-specific issues like fundraising, noncash contributions, affiliations and pledges Tailor accounting methods to the specific type of organization, with budgeting, tax reporting and regulatory advice Discover how general accounting topics like assets, mergers and liabilities are applied to not-for-profit organizations Preparers and auditors of not-for-profit accounts must stay up-to-date on the latest GAAP practices to best serve the organization, while complying with all disclosure, reporting and regulatory requirements. Wiley Not-for-Profit GAAP 2016 provides extensive coverage and practical advice on the latest GAAP, tailored to the not-for-profit organization's unique needs.

The essential reference for governmental GAAP application Wiley GAAP for Governments 2016 provides the latest information on GAAP, with coverage designed specifically for government entities. With a focus on the practical rather than the academic, this book provides insightful, up to date implementation information and explanations of the important developments in governmental GAAP that have occurred in the past year. Exclusive coverage includes school districts, public authorities, and individual pension plans financial statements, with a disclosure checklist that helps preparers ensure compliance. Visual aids help facilitate the reader's understanding of the material, providing a comprehensive guide to financial reporting for governments at the state and local level. This reliable guide is an industry favourite for its accessibility, completeness, and relevance, helping readers achieve and maintain compliance with minimal burden. Governmental accounting standards are continuously being released, growing in complexity with each iteration. Wiley GAAP for Governments is updated annually to provide the most up-to-date information available, with thorough explanations and expert implementation advice. Get up to speed on the newest accounting pronouncements Understand how GAAP applies to government bodies and pension plans Refer to disclosure checklists designed specifically for government entities Study flowcharts, diagrams, and charts to gain a deeper understanding This user-friendly guide is organized for easy navigation, and designed to help preparers quickly find, understand, and apply the information they need. Expert guidance through the increasing complexity of preparation and implementation of relevant changes is what makes Wiley GAAP for Governments 2016 the reference financial professionals keep on their desks rather than on their bookshelves.

Communications and Mobility is a unique, interdisciplinary look at mobility, territory, communication, and transport in the 21st century with extended case studies of three icons of this era: the mobile phone, the migrant, and the container box. Urges scholars in media and communication to return to broader conceptions of the field that include mobility of all kinds—information, people, and commodities Embraces perspectives from media studies, science and technology studies, sociology, media anthropology, and cultural geography Discusses ideas of virtual and embodied mobility, network geographies, de-territorialization, sedentarism, nomadology, connectivity, containment, and exclusion Integrates the often-neglected transport studies into contemporary communication studies and theories of globalization

The essential not-for-profit GAAP reference, updated with the latest standards Wiley Not-for-Profit GAAP 2018 is the essential accounting resource for not-for-profit organizations, providing quick access to the most up-to-date standards and practical tools for implementation. Designed help you find the answers you need quickly and easily, this guide features helpful visual aids alongside detailed explanations tailored to the not-for-profit sector. Authoritative discussion covers Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification, which includes the standards originally issued in the Statements, Interpretations and Technical Bulletins; Accounting Principles Board Opinions, Accounting Research Bulletins, AICPA Statements of Position and FASB Emerging Issues Task Force statements relevant to the not-for-profit organization. The unique characteristics of the not-for-profit organization demand adherence to specific GAAP; auditors and preparers must understand these standards, stay up-to-date as they continue to evolve and know how to apply them in the course of real-world financial statement preparation. This book provides the guidance you need in a user-friendly format. Get up to date on the latest changes to GAAP affecting not-for-profit organizations Reference authoritative standards for measurement, presentation and disclosure Consult flowcharts, diagrams and charts to find answers at a glance Double-check disclosures against a checklist of GAAP requirements Accounting standards are constantly changing, and the special requirements targeting not-for-profits add an additional challenge to full compliance. Instead of wading through dozens of volumes of official pronouncements to locate relevant information, consult an all-in-one resource targeted specifically to not-for-profit GAAP – one that is updated annually to bring you the most current information available. Wiley Not-for-Profit GAAP 2018 provides clear answers and practical guidance to help you streamline GAAP implementation and ensure compliance.

Integrate qualitative inquiry approaches and methods into the practice of evaluation Qualitative inquiry can have a major effect on evaluation practice, and provides evaluators a means to explore and examine various settings and contexts in need of rich description and deeper understanding. Qualitative Inquiry in Evaluation: From Theory to Practice explores the most important considerations for both students and evaluation professionals. Using various evaluation theories and approaches as a springboard for real-world practice, this reference serves as an accessible text for beginning students and seasoned professionals alike. Readers are given an in-depth view of the key qualities and benefits of qualitative inquiry, which also serves as a crucial counterpart to quantitative analysis. Chapters in part one focus on the foundations, core concepts, and intersection of evaluation theory and qualitative inquiry. Part two contains contributions from leading evaluators whose design, implementation, and reporting strategies for qualitative inquiry are centered on common, real-world settings. These case-based chapters point to the strengths and challenges of implementing qualitative evaluations. Key competencies for conducting effective qualitative evaluations are also discussed. Explores the role of qualitative inquiry in many prominent approaches to evaluation Discusses the method's history and delves into key concepts in qualitative inquiry and evaluation Helps readers understand which qualities are necessary to be an effective qualitative evaluator Presents the viewpoints and experiences of expert editors and contributing authors with high levels of understanding on the topic Qualitative Inquiry in Evaluation: From Theory to Practice is a vital tool for evaluators and students alike who are looking to deepen their understanding of the theoretical perspectives and practice considerations of qualitative evaluation.

The most practical, authoritative guide to governmental GAAP Wiley GAAP for Governments 2012 is a comprehensive guide to the accounting and financial reporting principles used by state and local governments as well as other governmental entities. Designed with the needs of the user in mind, this comprehensive resource presents the important developments in governmental GAAP during the past year. Full coverage of authoritative accounting standards Extremely useful and user-friendly examples, illustrations, and helpful practice hints A comprehensive guide to the accounting and financial reporting principles used by state and local governments as well as other governmental entities Provides a look ahead to the status of current and future Governmental Accounting Standards Board standards and projects Offers information on the very latest in standard-setting activities Also by Warren Ruppel: Governmental Accounting Made Easy Wiley GAAP for Governments 2012 is a thorough, reliable reference financial professionals will consistently keep on their desks rather than on their bookshelves.

The clearest, easiest-to-use guide to understanding GAAS 2012 on the market—fully updated This latest resource to understanding GAAS addresses the toughest part of the job—identifying, interpreting, and applying the many audit, attest, review, and compilation standards relevant to a particular engagement. The only GAAS reference organized according to practitioners' actual use of the Statements on Auditing Standards (SASs), inside you'll find examples and illustrations for testing internal controls, techniques for remaining compliant with each standard, and explanations of the reasons for each pronouncement. A brief identification of each SAS, SSAE, and SSARS, with its effective date and tips on when to apply it A convenient and comprehensive glossary of official definitions, which are usually scattered throughout a standard Behind-the-scenes explanations of the reasons for each pronouncement and brief explanations of the basic ideas of the section Concise listing and descriptions of each standard's specific mandate Easy-to-read capsule summary of interpretations, plus selected AICPA practice alerts and advisories Helpful techniques for remaining compliant with each standard Examples and illustrations for testing internal controls Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2012 presents each statement individually, explaining how the standards are related and offering guidance on the entire engagement process in the form of practice notes, checklists, questionnaires, and real-world examples that illustrate how the fundamental requirements of each section are applied.

Wiley GAAP Workbook provides easy-to-understand guidance and clarity to practical applications of GAAP. Enhancing your comprehension of GAAP to enable practical application of a variety of situations that you may encounter in practice, this workbook and guide simplifies application of GAAP standards and interpretations to specific real-world situations. Provides easy-to-understand clarity and guidance on interpretation and application of the overwhelming and voluminous GAAP standards Offers explanations supplemented with examples, case studies, solutions, and illustrations for enhanced understanding of GAAP Includes newly issued accounting pronouncements and information on the GAAP codification Wiley GAAP: Practical Implementation Guide and Workbook is a quick reference guide on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and their application with easy to understand outlines of FASB standards, practical insights, case studies with solutions, illustrations, and multiple choice questions with solutions. It greatly facilitates understanding of the practical implementation issues involved in applying these complex rules-based standards.

The most practical, authoritative guide to governmental GAAP Wiley GAAP for Governments 2011 is a comprehensive guide to the accounting and financial reporting principles used by state and local governments as well as other governmental entities. Designed with the needs of the user in mind, a «New Developments» chapter offers the important developments in governmental GAAP during the past year. Full coverage of authoritative accounting standards Extremely useful and user-friendly examples, illustrations, and helpful practice hints A comprehensive guide to the accounting and financial reporting principles used by state and local governments as well as other governmental entities Provides a look ahead to the status of current and future Governmental Accounting Standards Board standards and projects Offers information on the very latest in standard-setting activities Also by Warren Ruppel: Governmental Accounting Made Easy Wiley GAAP for Governments 2011 is a thorough, reliable reference financial professionals will consistently keep on their desks rather than on their bookshelves.

This introductory text for counselors-in-training and emerging researchers focuses on research methodology, design, measurement, and evaluation. Richard Balkin and David Kleist explain the primary research methods used in counseling while emphasizing the importance of ethics and multicultural issues, demonstrating a professional counselor identity within the framework of research, and outlining the specific approaches used to inform counseling practice. The book contains four parts: The Essence of Research in the Counseling Profession, Quantitative Research Designs, Qualitative Research Designs, and Practice-Based Research. Key features include case examples that bridge the technicalities of research and the realities of practice; strategies for designing research; guidelines for counselors considering topics for a thesis, a dissertation, or the development of an initial study; examples of current counseling research articles; and suggested activities to enhance understanding of the material in each chapter and facilitate classroom discussion. *Requests for digital versions from the ACA can be found on wiley.com. *To request print copies, please visit the ACA website.

Discover the best practical application guide for those looking to satisfy governmental GAAP compliance rules Wiley GAAP for Governments 2018 is a comprehensive guide to the accounting and financial reporting principles used by state and local governments as well as other governmental entities. Designed with the needs of the user in mind, this comprehensive resource presents the important developments in governmental GAAP during the past year. It is a thorough, reliable reference that financial professionals will consistently keep on their desks rather to refer to in their daily work. More and more governmental accounting standards, in growing complexity, continue to be issued. This reliable book, which guides preparers through the complexity of preparation and implementation of the relevant changes, is an industry favorite for its accessibility, completeness, and relevance, helping readers every year achieve and maintain compliance with minimal burden. Up-to-date, insightful, and practical implementation information about new accounting pronouncements Coverage of public educational institutions, public authorities and individual pension plans financial statements, which is not provided by competing books Contains a disclosure checklist for financial statements of governmental entities that will enable preparers to ensure all disclosures required by GAAP for governments have been made Utilizes flowcharts, diagrams, and charts to help facilitate the user's understanding of the material Written as a practical application guide instead of an academic reference Don’t wait until it’s time to start calculating and filing, get a jump-start on the new year with all of the latest developments in governmental GAAP with the new edition of the number one guide, Wiley GAAP for Governments 2018: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles for State and Local Governments, 2nd Edition.

This popular and engaging text on health communication is now revised and updated in a second edition that incorporates recent research and boasts new material on topics such as crisis communication, social disparities in health, and systemic reform. Fully revised second edition of this popular and authoritative text Includes fresh material on topics such as crisis communication, health care reform, global health issues, and political issues in health communication New case studies, examples, and updated glossary keep the work relevant and student-friendly Provides effective strategies for healthcare organizations and individuals in communicating with patients Updated and enhanced online resources, including PowerPoint slides, test bank, and instructors manual, available upon publication at www.wiley.com/go/wright

This comprehensive book showcases different approaches to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and focuses on the implementation of these various theories in real-world practice. Following an overview of cognitive therapy, practitioners and scholars discuss behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, multimodal therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and mindfulness. Each theory highlighted includes a profile of the theorist(s), an overview of the theory, a discussion of the therapeutic process, an array of targeted interventions, a verbatim case transcript, an analysis of the limitations of the theory, and reflective sidebars to facilitate learning. The final chapter presents a single case study discussed from the perspective of each particular theory.

Strong academic advising has been found to be a key contributor to student persistence (Center for Public Education, 2012), and many are expected to play an advising role, including academic, career, and faculty advisors; counselors; tutors; and student affairs staff. Yet there is little training on how to do so. Various advising strategies exist, each of which has its own proponents. To serve increasingly complex higher education institutions around the world and their diverse student cohorts, academic advisors must understand multiple advising approaches and adroitly adapt them to their own student populations. Academic Advising Approaches outlines a wide variety of proven advising practices and strategies that help students master the necessary skills to achieve their academic and career goals. This book embeds theoretical bases within practical explanations and examples advisors can use in answering fundamental questions such as: What will make me a more effective advisor? What can I do to enhance student success? What conversations do I need to initiate with my colleagues to improve my unit, campus, and profession? Linking theory with practice, Academic Advising Approaches provides an accessible reference useful to all who serve in an advising role. Based upon accepted theories within the social sciences and humanities, the approaches covered include those incorporating developmental, learning-centered, appreciative, proactive, strengths-based, Socratic, and hermeneutic advising as well as those featuring advising as teaching, motivational interviewing, self-authorship, and advising as coaching. All advocate relationship-building as a means to encourage students to take charge of their own academic, personal, and professional progress. This book serves as the practice-based companion to Academic Advising: A Comprehensive Handbook, also from NACADA. Whereas the handbook addresses the concepts advisors and advising administrators need to know in order to build a success advising program, Academic Advising Approaches explains the delivery strategies successful advisors can use to help students make the most of their college experience.

Sharpen advising expertise by exploring critical issues affecting the field Beyond Foundations, a core resource for experienced academic advisors, gives practitioners insight into important issues affecting academic advising. In addition to gaining understanding of foundational concepts and pressing concerns, master advisors engage with case studies to clarify their roles as educators of students, as thought leaders in institutions, and as advocates for the profession. Pillar documents—the NACADA Core Values, NACADA Concept of Academic Advising, and CAS Standards—serve as sources of both information and inspiration for those seeking to improve advising. New strategies inform advisors helping a diverse student population delineate meaningful educational goals. Each chapter prompts productive discussions with fellow advisors interested in cultivating advising excellence. To promote advisor influence in higher education, experienced contributors explain new trends—including the impact of external forces and legal issues on postsecondary institutions—and the evolution of advising as a profession and a field of inquiry. Expert insight and practical focus contribute to the development of experienced advisors. Use existing resources in new ways to master advising roles and encourage student success Apply theory to advance advising practice Create and optimize professional development opportunities Establish recognition for the contributions of academic advisors to the institution and higher education Face challenges created by the changing higher education landscape Advisors must meet the expectations of students, parents, faculty members, administrators, and outside agencies, all while navigating an increasingly complex range of issues presented by a student population unlike any that has come before. Beyond Foundations provides the insight and clarity advisors need to help students achieve their educational goals and to advance the field.

Since the first edition of A Guide to Faculty Development was published in 2002, the dynamic field of educational and faculty development has undergone many changes. Prepared under the auspices of the Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education (POD), this thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded edition offers a fundamental resource for faculty developers, as well as for faculty and administrators interested in promoting and sustaining faculty development within their institutions. This essential book offers an introduction to the topic, includes twenty-three chapters by leading experts in the field, and provides the most relevant information on a range of faculty development topics including establishing and sustaining a faculty development program; the key issues of assessment, diversity, and technology; and faculty development across institutional types, career stages, and organizations. «This volume contains the gallant story of the emergence of a movement to sustain the vitality of college and university faculty in difficult times. This practical guide draws on the best minds shaping the field, the most productive experience, and elicits the imagination required to reenvision a dynamic future for learning societies in a global context.» —R. Eugene Rice, senior scholar, Association of American Colleges and Universities «Across the country, people in higher education are thinking about how to prepare our graduates for a rapidly changing world while supporting our faculty colleagues who grew up in a very different world. Faculty members, academic administrators, and policymakers alike will learn a great deal from this volume about how to put together a successful faculty development program and create a supportive environment for learning in challenging times.» —Judith A. Ramaley, president, Winona State University «This is the book on faculty development in higher education. Everyone involved in faculty development—including provosts, deans, department chairs, faculty, and teaching center staff—will learn from the extensive research and the practical wisdom in the Guide.» —Peter Felten, president, The POD Network (2010–2011), and director, Center for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning, Elon University

A collection of case studies from nonwestern countries that offers an analysis of the significant role culture plays in crisis communication Culture and Crisis Communication presents an examination of how politics, culture, religion, and other social issues affect crisis communication and management in nonwestern countries. From intense human tragedy to the follies of the rich, the chapters examine how companies, organizations, news outlets, health organizations, technical experts, politicians, and local communities communicate in crisis situations. Taking a wider view than a single country’s perspective, the text contains a cross-cultural and cross-country approach. In addition, the case studies offer valuable lessons that organizations that wish to operate or are operating in those cultures can adopt in preparing and managing crises. The book highlights recent crisis events such as Syria’s civil war, missing Malaysia Flight MH370, andJapan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster. Each of the case studies examines how culture impacts communication and responses to crises. Authoritative, insightful, and instructive, this important resource: Analyzes how nonwestern cultures respond to crises Covers the role of culture in crisis communication in recent news events Includes contributions from 18 international authors who provide insight on nonwestern culture and crisis communication Written for communication professionals, academics, and students, Culture and Crisis Communication presents an insightful introduction to the topic of culture and crisis communication and then delves into illustrative case studies that explore intra-cultural and trans-boundary crisis communication.

A must-have resource for researchers, practitioners, and advanced students interested or involved in psychometric testing Over the past hundred years, psychometric testing has proved to be a valuable tool for measuring personality, mental ability, attitudes, and much more. The word psychometrics can be translated as mental measurement ; however, the implication that psychometrics as a field is confined to psychology is highly misleading. Scientists and practitioners from virtually every conceivable discipline now use and analyze data collected from questionnaires, scales, and tests developed from psychometric principles, and the field is vibrant with new and useful methods and approaches. This handbook brings together contributions from leading psychometricians in a diverse array of fields around the globe. Each provides accessible and practical information about their specialist area in a three-step format covering historical and standard approaches, innovative issues and techniques, and practical guidance on how to apply the methods discussed. Throughout, real-world examples help to illustrate and clarify key aspects of the topics covered. The aim is to fill a gap for information about psychometric testing that is neither too basic nor too technical and specialized, and will enable researchers, practitioners, and graduate students to expand their knowledge and skills in the area. Provides comprehensive coverage of the field of psychometric testing, from designing a test through writing items to constructing and evaluating scales Takes a practical approach, addressing real issues faced by practitioners and researchers Provides basic and accessible mathematical and statistical foundations of all psychometric techniques discussed Provides example software code to help readers implement the analyses discussed

The first textbook of its kind, Critical Educational Psychology is a forward-thinking approach to educational psychology that uses critical perspectives to challenge current ways of thinking and improve practice.

A comprehensive expansion to the essential higher education assessment text This second edition of Assessment Essentials updates the bestselling first edition, the go-to resource on outcomes assessment in higher education. In this thoroughly revised edition, you will find, in a familiar framework, nearly all new material, examples from more than 100 campuses, and indispensable descriptions of direct and indirect assessment methods that have helped to educate faculty, staff, and students about assessment. Outcomes assessment is of increasing importance in higher education, especially as new technologies and policy proposals spotlight performance-based success measures. Leading authorities Trudy Banta and Catherine Palomba draw on research, standards, and best practices to address the timeless and timeliest issues in higher education accountability. New topics include: Using electronic portfolios in assessment Rubrics and course-embedded assessment Assessment in student affairs Assessing institutional effectiveness As always, the step-by-step approach of Assessment Essentials will guide you through the process of developing an assessment program, from the research and planning phase to implementation and beyond, with more than 100 examples along the way. Assessment data are increasingly being used to guide everything from funding to hiring to curriculum decisions, and all faculty and staff will need to know how to use them effectively. Perfect for anyone new to the assessment process, as well as for the growing number of assessment professionals, this expanded edition of Assessment Essentials will be an essential resource on every college campus.

Presents cutting-edge, evidence-based interventions for dealing with specific difficulties of reading comprehension in children aged 7-11. An in-depth introduction to the ‘poor comprehender profile’, which describes children who despite being fluent readers have difficulty extracting meaning from text. Sets out a range of practical interventions for improving reading skills in this group – along with comprehensive guidance on assessment and monitoring, and insightful accounts of professionals’ experience in delivering the techniques described. Includes an overview of psychological theories of reading comprehension, evaluating their practical applicability.

The only manual for faculty and staff who work directly with student organizations Advising Student Groups and Organizations is a one-of-a-kind book that equips faculty members and administrators to competently and confidently serve as advisers to clubs and other student groups. The second edition is here to help colleges and universities keep up with the skyrocketing number of student groups and shifts in the legal landscape. New chapters on crucial topics, updated case studies, and a full suite of practical resources simplify the process of navigating student organizations. With Advising Student Groups and Organizations, educators can turn the chore of advising into a rewarding activity that benefits everyone. Challenges like student apathy, university politics, and budgetary restrictions can be overcome with the ideas and activities presented here. And in this fully updated edition, new chapters contain everything you need to know about: Advising fraternities and sororities Navigating laws such as FERPA, Title IX, and the Clery Act Working with online distance students and using social media as an advising tool Conflict mediation and training student advisors You'll want to keep this guide handy so you can take advantage of tools like reflection questions, activities, checklists, and sample forms. Advising Student Groups and Organizations even covers the use of assessments such as True Colors and StrengthsFinder. Now you'll be able to cut through bureaucracy to make the student advising experience truly transformative.

A practical, comprehensive manual for assessment design and implementation Assessment in Student Affairs, Second Edition offers a contemporary look at the foundational elements and practical application of assessment in student affairs. Higher education administration is increasingly called upon to demonstrate organizational effectiveness and engage in continuous improvement based on information generated through systematic inquiry. This book provides a thorough primer on all stages of the assessment process. From planning to reporting and beyond, you'll find valuable assessment strategies to help you produce meaningful information and improve your program. Combining and updating the thoroughness and practicality of Assessment in Student Affairs and Assessment Practice in Student Affairs, this new edition covers design of assessment projects, ethical practice, student learning outcomes, data collection and analysis methods, report writing, and strategies to implement change based on assessment results. Case studies demonstrate real-world application to help you clearly see how these ideas are used effectively every day, and end-of-chapter discussion questions stimulate deeper investigation and further thinking about the ideas discussed. The instructor resources will help you seamlessly integrate this new resource into existing graduate-level courses. Student affairs administrators understand the importance of assessment, but many can benefit from additional direction when it comes to designing and implementing evaluations that produce truly useful information. This book provides field-tested approaches to assessment, giving you a comprehensive how-to manual for demonstrating—and improving—the work you do every day. Build your own assessment to demonstrate organizational effectiveness Utilize quantitative and qualitative techniques and data Identify metrics and methods for measuring student learning Report and implement assessment findings effectively Accountability and effectiveness are the hallmarks of higher education administration today, and they are becoming the metrics by which programs and services are evaluated. Strong assessment skills have never been more important. Assessment in Student Affairs gives you the knowledge base and skill set you need to shine a spotlight on what you and your organization are able to achieve.

Newly updated, Gavin Reid’s best-selling handbook remains an essential resource for those helping dyslexic individuals of all ages, from preschoolers to adults in the workplace. Combines theoretical explanations, the latest research, and practical solutions with a focus on inclusion and meeting the individual’s needs New and expanded coverage includes: multilingualism; the use of technology; co-existing conditions such as dyspraxia, dyscalculia, and ADHD; and positive dyslexia Assembles the latest policies and best practices for dyslexia from around the world, and makes current debates regarding education and literacy accessible to trainees and practitioners

Understand the design factors of campus environmental theory that impact student success and create a campus of consequence Designing for Learning is a comprehensive introduction to campus environmental theory and practice, summarizing the influence of collegiate environments on learning and providing practical strategies for facilitating student success through intentional design. This second edition offers new coverage of universal design, learning communities, multicultural environments, online environments, social networking, and safety, and challenges educators to evaluate the potential for change on their own campuses. You'll learn which factors make a living-learning community effective, and how to implement these factors in the renovation of campus facilities. An updated selection of vignettes, case scenarios, and institutional examples help you apply theory to practice, and end-of-chapter reflection questions allow you to test your understanding and probe deeper into the material and how it applies to your environment. Campus design is no longer just about grassy quads and ivy-covered walls—the past decade has seen a surge in new designs that facilitate learning and nurture student development. This book introduces you to the many design factors that impact student success, and helps you develop a solid strategy for implementing the changes that can make the biggest difference to your campus. Learn how environments shape and influence student behavior Evaluate your campus and consider the potential for change Make your spaces more welcoming, inclusive, and functional Organize the design process from research to policy implementation Colleges and universities are institutions of purpose and place, and the physical design of the facilities must be undertaken with attention to the ways in which the space's dimensions and features impact the behavior and outlook of everyone from students to faculty to staff. Designing for Learning gives you a greater understanding of modern campus design, and the practical application that brings theory to life.

Initiate innovation and get things done with a guide to the process of academic change Change Leadership in Higher Education is a call to action, urging administrators in higher education to get proactive about change. The author applies positive and creative leadership principles to the issue of leading change in higher education, providing a much-needed blueprint for changing the way change happens, and how the system reacts. Readers will examine four different models of change and look at change itself through ten different analytical lenses to highlight the areas where the current approach could be beneficially altered. The book accounts for the nuances in higher education culture and environment, and helps administrators see that change is natural and valuable, and can be addressed in creative and innovative ways. The traditional model of education has been disrupted by MOOCs, faculty unions, online instruction, helicopter parents, and much more, leaving academic leaders accustomed to managing change. Leading change, however, is unfamiliar territory. This book is a guide to being proactive about change in a way that ensures a healthy future for the institution, complete with models and tools that help lead the way. Readers will: Learn to lead change instead of simply «managing» it Examine different models of change, and redefine existing approaches Discover a blueprint for changing the process of change Analyze academic change through different lenses to gain a wider perspective Leading change involves some challenges, but this useful guide is a strong conceptual and pragmatic resource for forecasting those challenges, and going in prepared. Administrators and faculty no longer satisfied with the status quo can look to Change Leadership in Higher Education for real, actionable guidance on getting change accomplished.

A clear, systematic road map to effective campus leadership development Building Academic Leadership Capacity gives institutions the knowledge they need to invest in the next generation of academic leaders. With a clear, generalizable, systematic approach, this book provides insight into the elements of successful academic leadership and the training that makes it effective. Readers will explore original research that facilitates systematic, continuous program development, augmented by the authors' own insight drawn from experience establishing such programs. Numerous examples of current campus programs illustrate the concepts in action, and reflection questions lead readers to assess how they can apply these concepts to their own programs. The academic leader is the least studied and most misunderstood management position in America. Demands for accountability and the complexities of higher education leadership are increasing, and institutions need ways to shape leaders at the department chair, dean, and executive levels of all functions and responsibilities. This book provides a road map to an effective development program, whether the goal is to revamp an existing program or build one from the ground up. Readers will learn to: Develop campus leadership programs in a more systematic manner Examine approaches that have been proven effective at other institutions Consider how these approaches could be applied to your institution Give leaders the skills they need to overcome any challenge The field of higher education offers limited opportunity to develop leaders, so institutions must invest in and grow campus leaders themselves. All development programs are not created equal, so it's important to have the most effective methods in place from day one. For the institution seeking a better way to invest in the next generation of campus leaders, Building Academic Leadership Capacity is a valuable resource.

Smart financial management means more students served Community College Finance provides an introduction to best practices for community college leaders and their boards, with guidance on the complex regulations, processes, and considerations surrounding the financial management of these unique institutions. As community colleges continue to increase in importance, this book provides non-technical yet extensive information to guide current and future leaders toward the establishment of effective processes to secure and maintain the funding that is so crucial to the education and future of millions of students nationwide. Readers will gain insight into the background and foundation of community college finance and learn the essentials of practice in today's economic and political climate. The discussion covers student financial aid, tuition, budgeting, and more, and explores the future of federal policy and what it means for the institutions that play such a critical role in the nation's educational system. Over eight million students attend more than a thousand community colleges in the United States today, and those colleges are now facing the retirement of their founding generation of leadership. Meanwhile, the balance between traditional funding sources is shifting as new models and approaches are being implemented, and comprehensive, guiding resources are lacking. This book fills that need with expert insight reflecting current realities and a true understanding of the challenges community colleges face. Readers will: Delve into factors affecting funding and the cost of attendance Develop a budgeting style and process that serves the institution Learn to manage fiscal crises effectively without reducing standards Consider the future of federal policy and how it will affect budgeting At a time when a difficult economy raises questions about the value of higher education, the value that community colleges offer becomes ever more clear. Community College Finance provides the guidance leaders need to help their institutions flourish.

Contemplative pedagogy is a way for instructors to: empower students to integrate their own experience into the theoretical material they are being taught in order to deepen their understanding; help students to develop sophisticated problem-solving skills; support students’ sense of connection to and compassion for others; and engender inquiries into students’ most profound questions. Contemplative practices are used in just about every discipline—from physics to economics to history—and are found in every type of institution. Each year more and more faculty, education reformers, and leaders of teaching and learning centers seek out best practices in contemplative teaching, and now can find them here, brought to you by two of the foremost leaders and innovators on the subject. This book presents background information and ideas for the practical application of contemplative practices across the academic curriculum from the physical sciences to the humanities and arts. Examples of contemplative techniques included in the book are mindfulness, meditation, yoga, deep listening, contemplative reading and writing, and pilgrimage, including site visits and field trips.

Become an effective adult educator by approaching teaching systematically As the author describes at the beginning of Creating Courses for Adults, «The big idea of this book is that education for adults has to be designed.» Whether in basic skills training, English language classes, professional development workshops, personal interest courses, or formal degree programs, good teaching tends to conceal all the planning and decisions which had to be made in order to present participants with a seamless and coherent process for learning. The author posits that nobody is a completely intuitive teacher and that everybody has to make a series of choices as they put courses together. The decisions they make are important and far-reaching, and deserve to be considered carefully. Starting with the three core factors which must be taken into account when creating courses, Creating Courses for Adults walks readers through a manageable process for addressing the key decisions which must be made in order to design effective learning. Instructor factors are what the teacher brings to the teaching and learning process, such as experience and preferences. Learner factors are the influences that students bring with them, including their past experiences and expectations for the class. Context factors include the educational setting, whether in-person or online, as well as the subject matter. Readers of Creating Courses for Adults will learn a systematic approach to lesson and course design based on research into the ways adults learn and the best ways to reach them, along with pointers and tips for teaching adults in any setting.

The most trusted source for studying the GMAT test, written by GMAC – the creators of the exam. The Official Guide to the GMAT, 13th Edition is the most up-to-date study guide for the GMAT test, containing 50 official questions from the new Integrated Reasoning component which was fully integrated into the test in June 2012. Because this component is more interactive than other core components in the GMAT exam (Verbal, Quantitative, and Analytical Writing), the Integrated Reasoning practice questions will be housed on a companion website that readers will be able to access after purchasing the book*. Includes: More than 900 questions from past GMAT exams Diagnostic section helps you assess where to focus your test-prep efforts Full answers and detailed explanations for practice questions Grammar review covering concepts tested in the GMAT Verbal section Comprehensive math review of the topics tested in the GMAT Quantitative section Actual essay topics, sample responses and scoring information Questions organized in order of difficulty to save study time Don't settle for anything less when studying for the GMAT test, purchase the Official Guide today. *To use the Integrated Reasoning companion website, you must have one of the following browsers: Safari, Google Chrome, Firefox, or Internet Explorer version 7 or higher.

In recent years, there has been heightened attention paid to the mental health needs of college students, the range and scope of these issues, and the challenges related to providing mental health services. Counseling center data, changing legal mandates and anecdotal reports from senior practitioners all point to the growing complexity of managing these issues. This volume examines clinical issues for student affairs professionals beyond the counseling center– addressing how campuses can be prepared for and respond to mental health issues. It helps readers cultivate a community-centered understanding of and sense of shared responsibility for promoting mental health, knowledge about best practices for service provision, and strategies for dealing with mental health issues pertaining to specific student populations and issues within the environment. Topics covered include: Contextual and foundational information related to current student mental health trends, Mental health aspects of certain populations including military-connected students, students on the autism spectrum, and international student, Bigger-picture, systemic issues related to mental health faced by colleges and universities, and Future directions of mental health on campuses. This is the 156th volume of this Jossey-Bass higher education quarterly series. An indispensable resource for vice presidents of student affairs, deans of students, student counselors, and other student services professionals, New Directions for Student Services offers guidelines and programs for aiding students in their total development: emotional, social, physical, and intellectual.

Critical race theory (CRT) was introduced in 1995 and for almost twenty years, the theory has been used as a tool to examine People of Color’s experiences with racism in higher education. This monograph reviews the critical race literature with a focus on race and racism’s continued role and presence in higher education, including: • legal studies and history, • methodology and student development theory, • the use of storytelling and counterstories, and • the types of and research on microaggressions. The goal of the editors is to illuminate CRT as a theoretical framework, analytical tool, and research methodology in higher education. As part of critical race theory, scholars and educators are called upon to extend their commitment to social justice and to the eradication of racism and other forms of oppression. This is the 3rd issue of the 41st volume of the Jossey-Bass series ASHE Higher Education Report. Each monograph is the definitive analysis of a tough higher education issue, based on thorough research of pertinent literature and institutional experiences. Topics are identified by a national survey. Noted practitioners and scholars are then commissioned to write the reports, with experts providing critical reviews of each manuscript before publication.