История ЛитРес

Bringing together an international team of historians, classicists, and scholars of religion, this volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the extant Greek and Latin letter collections of late antiquity (ca. 300–600 c.e.). Each chapter addresses a major collection of Greek or Latin literary letters, introducing the social and textual histories of each collection and examining its assembly, publication, and transmission. Contributions also reveal how collections operated as discrete literary genres, with their own conventions and self-presentational agendas. This book will fundamentally change how people both read these texts and use letters to reconstruct the social history of the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries.

How did Judaism, a religion so often defined by its minority status, attain equal footing in the trinity of Catholicism, Protestantism, and Judaism that now dominates modern American religious life?THE AMERICANIZATION OF THE JEWS seeks out the effects of this evolution on both Jews in America and an America with Jews. Although English, French, and Dutch Jewries are usually considered the principal forerunners of modern Jewry, Jews have lived as long in North America as they have in post- medieval Britain and France and only sixty years less than in Amsterdam. As one of the four especially creative Jewish communities that has helped re-shape and re-formulate modern Judaism, American Judaism is the most complex and least understood. German Jewry is recognized for its contribution to modern Jewish theology and philosophy, Russian and Polish Jewry is known for its secular influence in literature, and Israel clearly offers Judaism a new stance as a homeland. But how does one capture the interplay between America and Judaism?Immigration to America meant that much of Judaism was discarded, and much was retained. Acculturation did not always lead to assimilation: Jewishness was honed as an independent variable in the motivations of many of its American adherents- -and has remained so, even though Jewish institutions, ideologies, and even Jewish values have been reshaped by America to such an degree that many Jews of the past might not recognize as Jewish some of what constitutes American Jewishness. This collection of essays explores the paradoxes that abound in the America/Judaism relationship, focusing on such specific issues as Jews and American politics in the twentieth century, the adaptation of Jewish religious life to the American environment, the contributions and impact of the women's movement, and commentaries on the Jewish future in America.

Located in the heel of the Italian boot, the Salento region was home to a diverse population between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. Inhabitants spoke Latin, Greek, and various vernaculars, and their houses of worship served sizable congregations of Jews as well as Roman-rite and Orthodox Christians. Yet the Salentines of this period laid claim to a definable local identity that transcended linguistic and religious boundaries. The evidence of their collective culture is embedded in the traces they left behind: wall paintings and inscriptions, graffiti, carved ­­tombstone decorations, belt fittings from graves, and other artifacts reveal a wide range of religious, civic, and domestic practices that helped inhabitants construct and maintain personal, group, and regional identities. The Medieval Salento allows the reader to explore the visual and material culture of a people using a database of over three hundred texts and images, indexed by site. Linda Safran draws from art history, archaeology, anthropology, and ethnohistory to reconstruct medieval Salentine customs of naming, language, appearance, and status. She pays particular attention to Jewish and nonelite residents, whose lives in southern Italy have historically received little scholarly attention. This extraordinarily detailed visual analysis reveals how ethnic and religious identities can remain distinct even as they mingle to become a regional culture.

Melania the Elder and her granddaughter Melania the Younger were major figures in early Christian history, using their wealth, status, and forceful personalities to shape the development of nearly every aspect of the religion we now know as Christianity. This volume examines their influence on late antique  Christianity and provides an insightful portrait of their legacies in the modern world. Departing from the traditionally patriarchal view, Melania gives a poignant and sometimes surprising account of how the rise of Christian institutions in the Roman Empire shaped our understanding of women’s roles in the larger world.

The Music of Tragedy offers a new approach to the study of classical Greek theater by examining the use of musical language, imagery, and performance in the late work of Euripides. Naomi Weiss demonstrates that Euripides’ allusions to music-making are not just metatheatrical flourishes or gestures towards musical and religious practices external to the drama but closely interwoven with the dramatic plot. Situating Euripides’ experimentation with the dramaturgical effects of mousike within a broader cultural context, she shows how much of his novelty lies in his reinvention of traditional lyric styles and motifs for the tragic stage. If we wish to understand better the trajectories of this most important ancient art form, The Music of Tragedy argues, we must pay closer attention to the role played by both music and text.

Ephrem the Syrian was one of the founding voices in Syriac literature. While he wrote in a variety of genres, the bulk of his work took the form of madrashe, a Syriac genre of musical poetry or hymns. In Bible and Poetry in Late Antique Mesopotamia, Jeffrey Wickes offers a thoroughly contextualized study of Ephrem’s magnum opus, the Hymns on Faith, delivered in response to the theological controversies that followed the First Council of Nicaea. The ensuing doctrinal divisions had tremendous impact on the course of Christianity and led in part to the development of a uniquely Syriac Church, in which Ephrem would become a central figure. Drawing on literary, ritual, and performance theories, Bible and Poetry shows how Ephrem used the Syriac Bible to construct and conceive of himself and his audience. In so doing, Wickes resituates Ephrem in a broader early Christian context and contributes to discussions of literature and religion in late antiquity. 
 

Epiphanius, Bishop of Constantia on Cyprus from 367 to 403 C.E., was incredibly influential in the last decades of the fourth century. Whereas his major surviving text (the Panarion, an encyclopedia of heresies) is studied for lost sources, Epiphanius himself is often dismissed as an anti-intellectual eccentric, a marginal figure of late antiquity. In this book, Andrew Jacobs moves Epiphanius from the margin back toward the center and proposes we view major cultural themes of late antiquity in a new light altogether. Through an examination of the key cultural concepts of celebrity, conversion, discipline, scripture, and salvation, Jacobs shifts our understanding of "late antiquity" from a transformational period open to new ideas and peoples toward a Christian Empire that posited a troubling, but ever-present, "otherness" at the center of its cultural production.

Was Socrates an ironist? Did he mock his interlocutors and, in doing so, show disdain for both them and the institutions of Athenian democracy?  These questions were debated with great seriousness by generations of ancient Greek writers and helped to define a primary strand of the western tradition of political thought. By reconstructing these debates, The Politics of Socratic Humor compares the very different interpretations of Socrates developed by his followers—including such diverse thinkers as Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristophanes, and the Hellenistic philosophers—to explore the deep ethical and political dimensions of Socratic humor and its implications for civic identity, democratic speech, and political cooperation. Irony has long been seen as one of Socrates’ most characteristic features, but as Lombardini shows, irony is only one part of a much larger toolkit of Socratic humor, the broader intellectual context of which must be better understood if we are to appropriate Socratic thought for our own modern ends.

Being Christian in Vandal Africa investigates conflicts over Christian orthodoxy in the Vandal kingdom, the successor to Roman rule in North Africa, ca. 439 to 533 c.e. Exploiting neglected texts, author Robin Whelan exposes a sophisticated culture of disputation between Nicene (“Catholic”) and Homoian (“Arian”) Christians and explores their rival claims to political and religious legitimacy. These contests—sometimes violent—are key to understanding the wider and much-debated issues of identity and state formation in the post-imperial West.

Throughout history, the relationship between Jews and their land has been a vibrant, much-debated topic within the Jewish world and in international political discourse. Identity and Territory explores how ancient conceptions of Israel—of both the land itself and its shifting frontiers and borders—have played a decisive role in forming national and religious identities across the millennia. Through the works of Second Temple period Jews and rabbinic literature, Eyal Ben-Eliyahu examines the role of territorial status, boundaries, mental maps, and holy sites, drawing comparisons to popular Jewish and Christian perceptions of space. Showing how space defines nationhood and how Jewish identity influences perceptions of space, Ben-Eliyahu uncovers varied understandings of the land that resonate with contemporary views of the relationship between territory and ideology.

 

Although it would appear in studies of late antique ecclesiastical authority and power that scholars have covered everything, an important aspect of the urban bishop has long been neglected: his role as demonologist and exorcist. When the emperor Constantine made Christianity the official religion of the realm, bishops and priests everywhere struggled to «Christianize» the urban spaces still dominated by Greco-Roman monuments and festivals. During this period of upheaval, when congregants seemingly attended everything but their own «orthodox» church, many ecclesiastical leaders began simultaneously to promote aggressive and insidious depictions of the demonic. In City of Demons, Dayna S. Kalleres investigates this developing discourse and the church-sponsored rituals that went along with it, showing how shifting ecclesiastical demonologies and evolving practices of exorcism profoundly shaped Christian life in the fourth century.

From constructing new buildings to describing rival-controlled areas as morally and physically dangerous, leaders in late antiquity fundamentally shaped their physical environment and thus the events that unfolded within it. Controlling Contested Places maps the city of Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) through the topographically sensitive vocabulary of cultural geography, demonstrating the critical role played by physical and rhetorical spatial contests during the tumultuous fourth century. Paying close attention to the manipulation of physical places, Christine Shepardson exposes some of the powerful forces that structured the development of religious orthodoxy and orthopraxy in the late Roman Empire.

Theological claims and political support were not the only significant factors in determining which Christian communities gained authority around the Empire. Rather, Antioch’s urban and rural places, far from being an inert backdrop against which events transpired, were ever-shifting sites of, and tools for, the negotiation of power, authority, and religious identity. This book traces the ways in which leaders like John Chrysostom, Theodoret, and Libanius encouraged their audiences to modify their daily behaviors and transform their interpretation of the world (and landscape) around them. Shepardson argues that examples from Antioch were echoed around the Mediterranean world, and similar types of physical and rhetorical manipulations continue to shape the politics of identity and perceptions of religious orthodoxy to this day.

Seers featured prominently in ancient Greek culture, but they rarely appear in archaic and classical colonial discourse. Margaret Foster exposes the ideological motivations behind this discrepancy and reveals how colonial discourse privileged the city’s founder and his dependence on Delphi, the colonial oracle par excellence, at the expense of the independent seer. Investigating a  sequence of literary texts, Foster explores the tactics the Greeks devised both to leverage and suppress the extraordinary cultural capital of seers. The first cultural history of the seer, The Seer and the City illuminates the contests between religious and political powers in archaic and classical Greece.

Christian Reading shifts the assumption that study of the Bible must be about the content of the Bible or aimed at confessional projects of religious instruction. Blossom Stefaniw focuses on the lesson transcripts from the Tura papyri, which reveal verbatim oral classroom discourse, to show how biblical texts were used as an exhibition space for the traditional canon of general knowledge about the world. Stefaniw demonstrates that the work of Didymus the Blind in the lessons reflected in the Tura papyri was similar to that of other grammarians in late antiquity: articulating the students’ place in time, their position in the world, and their connection to their heritage. But whereas other grammarians used revered texts like Homer and Menander, Didymus curated the cultural patrimony using biblical texts: namely, the Psalms and Ecclesiastes. By examining this routine epistemological and pedagogical work carried out through the Bible, Christian Reading generates a new model of the relationship of Christian scholarship to the pagan past.

Does martyrdom hurt? The obvious answer to this question is “yes.” L. Stephanie Cobb, asserts, however, that early Christian martyr texts respond to this question with an emphatic “no!” Divine Deliverance examines the original martyr texts of the second through fifth centuries, concluding that these narratives in fact seek to demonstrate the Christian martyrs’ imperviousness to pain. For these martyrs, God was present with, and within, the martyrs, delivering them from pain. These martyrs’ claims not to feel pain define and redefine Christianity in the ancient world: whereas Christians did not deny the reality of their subjection to state violence, they argued that they were not ultimately vulnerable to its painful effects.

In the generation after Constantine the Great elevated Christianity to a dominant position in the Roman Empire, his nephew, the Emperor Julian, sought to reinstate the old gods to their former place of prominence—in the face of intense opposition from the newly powerful Christian church. In early 363 c.e., while living in Syrian Antioch, Julian redoubled his efforts to hellenize the Roman Empire by turning to an unlikely source: the Jews. With a war against Persia on the horizon, Julian thought it crucial that all Romans propitiate the true gods and gain their favor through proper practice. To convince his people, he drew on Jews, whom he characterized as Judeans, using their scriptures, institutions, practices, and heroes sometimes as sources for his program and often as models to emulate. In The Specter of the Jews, Ari Finkelstein examines Julian’s writings and views on Jews as Judeans, a venerable group whose religious practices and values would help delegitimize Christianity and, surprisingly, shape a new imperial Hellenic pagan identity.

In the wake of the conquests of Alexander the Great, the ancient world of the Bible—the ancient Near East—came under Greek rule, and in the land of Israel, time-old traditions and Greek culture met. But with the accession of King Antiochos IV, the soft power of culture was replaced with armed conflict, and soon the Jews rebelled against their imperial masters, as recorded in the Biblical books of the Maccabees. Whereas most scholars have dismissed the biblical accounts of religious persecution and cultural clash, Sylvie Honigman combines subtle literary analysis with deep historical insight to show how their testimony can be reconciled with modern historical analysis by conversing with the biblical authors, so to speak, in their own language to understand the way they described their experiences. Honigman contends that these stories are not mere fantasies but genuine attempts to cope with the massacre that followed the rebellion by giving it new meaning. This reading also discloses fresh political and economic factors.

Upon coming to power in 1949, the Chinese Communist government proclaimed that its stance toward ethnic minorities–who comprise approximatelyeight percent of China’s population–differed from that of previous regimes and that it would help preserve the linguistic and cultural heritage of the fifty-five official «minority nationalities.» However, minority culture suffered widespread destruction in the early decades of the People’s Republic of China, and minority areas still lag far behind Han (majority) areas economically.Since the mid-1990s, both domestic and foreign developments have refocused government attention on the inhabitants of China’s minority regions, their relationship to the Chinese state, and their foreign ties. Intense economic development of and Han settlement in China’s remote minority regions threaten to displace indigenous populations, post-Soviet establishment of independent countries composed mainly of Muslim and Turkic-speaking peoples presents questions for related groups in China, freedom of Mongolia from Soviet control raises the specter of a pan-Mongolian movement encompassing Chinese Mongols, and international groups press for a more autonomous or even independent Tibet.In Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers , leading scholars examine the Chinese government’s administration of its ethnic minority regions, particularly border areas where ethnicity is at times a volatile issue and where separatist movements are feared. Seven essays focus on the Muslim Hui, multiethnic southwest China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet. Together these studies provide an overview of government relations with key minority populations, against which one can view evolving dialogues and disputes.

While the number of domestic leisure travelers has increased dramatically in reform-era China, the persistent gap between urban and rural living standards attests to ongoing social, economic, and political inequalities. The state has widely touted tourism for its potential to bring wealth and modernity to rural ethnic minority communities, but the policies underlying the development of tourism obscure some complicated realities. In tourism, after all, one person’s leisure is another person’s labor. A Landscape of Travel investigates the contested meanings and unintended consequences of tourism for those people whose lives and livelihoods are most at stake in China’s rural ethnic tourism industry: the residents of village destinations. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Ping’an (a Zhuang village in Guangxi) and Upper Jidao (a Miao village in Guizhou), Jenny Chio analyzes the myriad challenges and possibilities confronted by villagers who are called upon to do the work of tourism. She addresses the shifting significance of migration and rural mobility, the visual politics of tourist photography, and the effects of touristic desires for “exotic difference” on village social relations. In this way, Chio illuminates the contemporary regimes of labor and leisure and the changing imagination of what it means to be rural, ethnic, and modern in China today.More about the author: http://www.jennychio.com/

Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this case study examines the impact of economic development on ethnic minority people living along the upper-middle reaches of the Nu (Salween) River in Yunnan. In this highly mountainous, sparsely populated area live the Lisu, Nu, and Dulong (Drung) people, who until recently lived as subsistence farmers, relying on shifting cultivation, hunting, the collection of medicinal plants from surrounding forests, and small-scale logging to sustain their household economies. China's New Socialist Countryside explores how compulsory education, conservation programs, migration for work, and the expansion of social and economic infrastructure are not only transforming livelihoods, but also intensifying the Chinese Party-state’s capacity to integrate ethnic minorities into its political fabric and the national industrial economy.

This book explores the ways in which the early rabbis reshaped biblical laws of ritual purity and impurity and argues that the rabbis’ new purity discourse generated a unique notion of a bodily self. Focusing on the Mishnah, a Palestinian legal codex compiled around the turn of the third century CE, Mira Balberg shows how the rabbis constructed the processes of contracting, conveying, and managing ritual impurity as ways of negotiating the relations between one’s self and one’s body and, more broadly, the relations between one’s self and one’s human and nonhuman environments.

With their heightened emphasis on subjectivity, consciousness, and self-reflection, the rabbis reinvented biblically inherited language and practices in a way that resonated with central cultural concerns and intellectual commitments of the Greco-Roman Mediterranean world. Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature adds a new dimension to the study of practices of self-making in antiquity by suggesting that not only philosophical exercises but also legal paradigms functioned as sites through which the self was shaped and improved.

Aging: Concepts and Controversies is structured to encourage a style of teaching and learning that goes beyond conveying facts and methods. This innovative text focuses on controversies and questions rather than on assimilating facts or creating a single “correct” view about aging or older people. Drawing on their extensive expertise, authors Harry R. Moody and Jennifer R. Sasser first provide an overview of aging in three domains: aging over the life course, health care, and socioeconomic trends. Each section then includes data and conceptual frameworks, helping readers to make sense of the controversies and understand their origin, engage in critical thinking, and develop their own views. The Tenth Edition of this hallmark textbook includes amplified discussions focused on differences, diversity, structural inequalities, and inclusion, as well as contemporary issues, including climate change and immigration.

When southern Italians began emigrating to the U.S. in large numbers in the 1870s-part of the «new immigration» from southern and eastern rather than northern Europe-they were seen as racially inferior, what David A. J. Richards terms «nonvisibly» black. The first study of its kind, Italian American explores the acculturation process of Italian immigrants in terms of then-current patterns of European and American racism. Delving into the political and legal context of flawed liberal nationalism both in Italy (the Risorgimento) and the United States (Reconstruction Amendments), Richards examines why Italian Americans were so reluctant to influence depictions of themselves and their own collective identity. He argues that American racism could not have had the durability or political power it has had either in the popular understanding or in the corruption of constitutional ideals unless many new immigrants, themselves often regarded as racially inferior, had been drawn into accepting and supporting many of the terms of American racism. With its unprecedented focus on Italian American identity and an interdisciplinary approach to comparative culture and law, this timely study sheds important light on the history and contemporary importance of identity and multicultural politics in American political and constitutional debate.

In A Common Justice Uriel I. Simonsohn examines the legislative response of Christian and Jewish religious elites to the problem posed by the appeal of their coreligionists to judicial authorities outside their communities. Focusing on the late seventh to early eleventh centuries in the region between Iraq in the east and present-day Tunisia in the west, Simonsohn explores the multiplicity of judicial systems that coexisted under early Islam to reveal a complex array of social obligations that connected individuals across confessional boundaries. By examining the incentives for appeal to external judicial institutions on the one hand and the response of minority confessional elites on the other, the study fundamentally alters our conception of the social history of the Near East in the early Islamic period. Contrary to the prevalent scholarly notion of a rigid social setting strictly demarcated along confessional lines, Simonsohn's comparative study of Christian and Jewish legal behavior under early Muslim rule exposes a considerable degree of fluidity across communal boundaries. This seeming disregard for religious affiliations threatened to undermine the position of traditional religious elites; in response, they acted vigorously to reinforce communal boundaries, censuring recourse to external judicial institutions and even threatening transgressors with excommunication.

The institution of marriage is commonly thought to have fallen into crisis in late medieval northern France. While prior scholarship has identified the pervasiveness of clandestine marriage as the cause, Sara McDougall contends that the pressure came overwhelmingly from the prevalence of remarriage in violation of the Christian ban on divorce, a practice we might call «bigamy.» Throughout the fifteenth century in Christian Europe, husbands and wives married to absent or distant spouses found new spouses to wed. In the church courts of northern France, many of the individuals so married were criminally prosecuted. In Bigamy and Christian Identity in Late Medieval Champagne , McDougall traces the history of this conflict in the diocese of Troyes and places it in the larger context of Christian theology and culture. Multiple marriage was both inevitable and repugnant in a Christian world that forbade divorce and associated bigamy with the unchristian practices of Islam or Judaism. The prevalence of bigamy might seem to suggest a failure of Christianization in late medieval northern France, but careful study of the sources shows otherwise: Clergy and laity alike valued marriage highly. Indeed, some members of the laity placed such a high value on the institution that they were willing to risk criminal punishment by entering into illegal remarriage. The risk was great: the Bishop of Troyes's judicial court prosecuted bigamy with unprecedented severity, although this prosecution broke down along gender lines. The court treated male bigamy, and only male bigamy, as a grave crime, while female bigamy was almost completely excluded from harsh punishment. As this suggests, the Church was primarily concerned with imposing a high standard on men as heads of Christian households, responsible for their own behavior and also that of their wives.

A investigation into the thirteenth-century Norwich circumcision case and its meaning for Christians and Jews In 1230, Jews in the English city of Norwich were accused of having seized and circumcised a five-year-old Christian boy named Edward because they «wanted to make him a Jew.» Contemporaneous accounts of the «Norwich circumcision case,» as it came to be called, recast this episode as an attempted ritual murder. Contextualizing and analyzing accounts of this event and others, with special attention to the roles of children, Paola Tartakoff sheds new light on medieval Christian views of circumcision. She shows that Christian characterizations of Jews as sinister agents of Christian apostasy belonged to the same constellation of anti-Jewish libels as the notorious charge of ritual murder. Drawing on a wide variety of Jewish and Christian sources, Tartakoff investigates the elusive backstory of the Norwich circumcision case and exposes the thirteenth-century resurgence of Christian concerns about formal Christian conversion to Judaism. In the process, she elucidates little-known cases of movement out of Christianity and into Judaism, as well as Christian anxieties about the instability of religious identity. Conversion, Circumcision, and Ritual Murder in Medieval Europe recovers the complexity of medieval Jewish-Christian conversion and reveals the links between religious conversion and mounting Jewish-Christian tensions. At the same time, Tartakoff does not lose sight of the mystery surrounding the events that spurred the Norwich circumcision case, and she concludes the book by offering a solution of her own: Christians and Jews, she posits, understood these events in fundamentally irreconcilable ways, illustrating the chasm that separated Christians and Jews in a world in which some Christians and Jews knew each other intimately.

The images of Zionist pioneers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries–hard working, brawny, and living off the land–sprang from the ascendent socialist Zionist movement in Palestine known as «Labor Zionism.» The building of the Yishuv, a new Jewish society in Palestine, was accompanied by the rapid growth of Zionism worldwide. How did Zionism take shape in the United States? How did Labor Zionism and the Yishuv influence American Jews? Zionism and Labor Zionism had a much more substantial impact on the American Jewish scene than has been recognized. Drawing on meticulous research, Mark A. Raider describes Labor Zionism's dramatic transformation in the American context from a marginal immigrant party into a significant political force. The Emergence of American Zionism challenges many of the prevailing assumptions of Jewish and Zionist history that have held sway for a full generation. It shows how and why American Labor Zionism–"the voice of Labor Palestine on American soil"–played such an important role in formulating the program and outlook of American Zionism. It also examines more generally the impact of Zionism on American Jews, making the case that Zionism's cultural vitality, intellectual diversity, and unparalleled ability to rally public opinion in times of crisis were central to the American Jewish experience.

<P>Best known for Neon Vernacular, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1994, and for Dien Cai Dau, a collection of poems chronicling his experiences as a journalist in Vietnam, Yusef Komunyakaa has become one of America's most compelling poets. Pleasure Dome gathers the poems in these two distinguished books and five others—over two and a half decades of Komunyakaa's work. In addition, Pleasure Dome includes 25 early, uncollected poems and a rich selection of 18 new poems.</P>

From the river valleys of interior British Columbia south to the hills of northern Oregon and east to the continental divide in western Montana, hundreds of cliffs and boulders display carved and painted designs created by ancient artists who inhabited this area, the Columbia Plateau, as long as seven thousand years ago.Expressing a vital social and spiritual dimension in the lives of these hunter-gathers, rock art captivates us with its evocative power and mystery. At once an irreplaceable yet fragile cultural resource, it documents Native histories, customs, and visions through thousands of years.This valuable reference and guidebook addresses basic questions of what petroglyphs and pictographs are, how they were produced, and how archaeologists classify and date them. James Keyser identifies five regions on the Columbia Plateau, each with its own variant of the rock art style identifiable as belonging exclusively to the region. He describes for each region the setting and scope of the rock art along with its design characteristics and possible meaning. Through line drawings, photographs, and detailed maps he provides a guide to the sites where rock art can be viewed.In western Montana, rock art motifs express the ritualistic seeking of a spirit helper from the natural world. In interior British Columbia, rayed arcs above the heads of human figures demonstrate possession of a guardian spirit. Twin figures on the central Columbia Plateau reveal another belief–the special power of twins–and hunting scenes celebrate success of the chase. The grimacing evocative face of Tsagiglalal, in lower Columbia pictographs, testifies to the Plateau Indians� �death cult� response to the European diseases that decimated their villages between 1700 and 1840. On the southeastern Plateau, images of horse-back riders mark the adoption, after 1700 of the equestrian and cultural habits of the northwestern Great Plains Indians.Despite geographic differences in emphasis, similarities in design and technique link the drawings of all five regions. Human figures, animals depicting numerous species on the Plateau, geometric motifs, mysterious beings, and tally marks, whether painted or carved, appear throughout the Columbia Plateau.

В первом томе «Истории белорусской государственности» раскрыты истоки и особенности развития белорусской государственности от древности до конца XVIII в., рассмотрены и охарактеризованы такие ее исторические формы, как Полоцкое княжество (земля), Туровское княжество, Киевская Русь, Великое Княжество Литовское, Речь Посполитая. Коллективная монография рассчитана на широкий круг читателей: профессиональных историков, преподавателей высших учебных заведений и средних школ, студенческую и учащуюся молодежь, рекомендуется для использования в научно-исследовательской работе и учебном процессе.

*This is Tim Wise’s first book in years , and he will promote it in every way possible. When he’s not out giving book talks, Tim invests extensively in keeping in touch with his hundreds of thousands of followers via Twitter, Facebook and Medium.com. Tim's audience is excited for a book! *Tim Wise's dedicated Twitter following is up to 127.6K followers and he is active on a daily basis. *Race continues to be a defining flashpoint in America. Tim is a much respected anti-racist advocate, who speaks about racial conflict by seeking to dismantle white supremacy, white denial, and white privilege from the inside out. This book encapsulates his thinking, views, and vision through concise, easy to understand essays. *Tim Wise is a regular commentator on MSNBC programs hosted by Rachel Maddow, Chris Hayes, Joy Reid, Lawrence O'Donnell, Chris Matthews and on CNN programs hosted by Don Lemon and Chris Cuomo. *Tim was recently interviewed on Chelsea Handler's NETFLIX documentary, «Hello Privilege. It's Me, Chelsea.»

История происхождения славянских народов вообще и русского в частности, настолько сложна и запутана, что является одной из самых больших проблем в исторической науке. Даже тот неоспоримый факт, что современное Русское государство – одно из Самых Великих Государств в истории человечества – было создано в IX веке в Восточной Европе посредством союза восточных и западных славян при военно-политическом доминировании западнославянских переселенцев с южных берегов Балтики, является предметом ожесточенных споров норманистов и антинорманистов уже более 300 лет. В данной книге сделала попытка разобраться и уяснить в целом весь процесс образования русского и славянских народов из основной, базовой части древних ариев, а также истоки, причины и процесс создания современного Русского государства.

Как Екатерина II пришла к власти? Какую роль в подготовке дворцового переворота 1762 г. сыграли англичане? Была ли российская императрица английской шпионкой? Чьи интересы она отстаивала в переговорах с британской дипломатией по вопросам пролонгации торгового и оборонительного договоров, а также «вооруженного нейтралитета»? Какой стратегии и тактики в переговорном процессе с Екатериной II и ее ближайшими сподвижниками Н. И. Паниным и Г. А. Потемкиным придерживались послы Великобритании? Каким образом дипломаты совмещали свою профессиональную деятельность с разведывательной? Насколько объективными были их характеристики России и ее политической элиты? Ответы на эти и многие другие вопросы читатели найдут в предлагаемой книге, в основу которой положена секретная переписка послов с главой внешнеполитического ведомства Великобритании. Для историков, преподавателей и студентов гуманитарных вузов, а также всех интересующихся историей российско-британских отношений в правление Екатерины II.

В монографии рассмотрена история Таны (Азова) – важного политического, административного, торгового и культурного центра, который играл ключевую роль в системе международных отношений Северного Причерноморья в Средние века в XIII–XV вв. Расположенная в устье Дона, на территории Золотой Орды, Тана была самой дальней факторией двух итальянских морских республик – Генуи и Венеции, через нее проходили связи Средиземноморского мира с Древней Русью, Византией, Средней Азией и Китаем. Разнообразные и уникальные материалы архивных источников, рукописей из собраний Венеции, Генуи, многих европейских библиотек, публикации и археологические материалы, изученные и проанализированные в книге, заполняют важную лакуну в наших знаниях об этой эпохе. В книге рассматривается политическая и экономическая история Таны в XIII–XIV вв., ее юридический статус, все аспекты ее разнообразных торговых связей, состав населения, быт и условия жизни, межэтнические и межконфессиональные отношения, оценивается ее роль в истории как одного из магистральных перекрестков торговых путей Средневековья. Книга является первой частью дилогии по истории Таны, с начала ее возникновения до разгрома войсками Тимура в 1395 г. Второй том планируется посвятить истории Таны в XV столетии.

Монография посвящена истории становления и совершенствования систем водоснабжения и водоотведения в широких хронологических и географических рамках. В работе анализируются основные причины строительства водозаборных и водоочистных сооружений, их последующая эксплуатация и методы решения технических проблем, приводятся биографии наиболее выдающихся деятелей этой отрасли. Книга предназначена для профессиональных историков, строителей, архитекторов и всех интересующихся прошлым своего края, страны и мира в целом.

Ведущаяся против нашей цивилизации информационно-психологическая война набирает все большие обороты. Прозападная политическая, экономическая и информационная агентура старается изо всех сил, чтобы опорочить наше великое советское прошлое, очернить отца народов Сталина, вылить побольше грязи на сталинскую экономическую систему, что позволила нам одержать Победу в 1945-м и вывела нас на уровень передовых стран мира. Эта книга дает отпор этому информационному террору со стороны либеральных и советофобских иуд, раскрывает сокровенную правду, которую они так боятся и замалчивают от нас – правду о сталинском «экономическом чуде», о прогрессивной модели мобилизационного развития страны, о том, каких больших успехов с ее помощью можно добиться в современных условиях. В «лихие 90-ые», развалив СССР, враги народа загнали нас в яму, из которой мы мучительно выбираемся многие годы. Это сенсационное исследование неминуемо вызовет истерику у нашей «пятой колонны», ведь оно доказывает: чтобы наконец-то «подняться с колен», нужно взять все самое лучшее из опыта победной сталинской эпохи. Именно по такой модели динамично развивается современная Республика Беларусь, лидера которой Александра Лукашенко вслед за Сталиным благодарный народ назвал отцом своего Отечества (батькой). Задавая вопрос: «Как нам преодолеть экономическое отставание и вырваться вперед?», автор приводит читателя к ответу: УЧИТЬСЯ У ОТЦА НАРОДОВ СТАЛИНА И БАТЬКИ ЛУКАШЕНКО!

Podstawą ich działania, politycznej aktywności był i jest kwadrylemat: Dios, Patria, Fueros, Rey. Byli i są wierni Bogu, Ojczyźnie, Prawom i Wolnościom Realnym, Królowi. Tylko podkreślanie roli króla, legitymizmu i legalizmu jako zagadnień związanych z panowaniem królewskim, z prawowitością władzy królewskiej odróżnia ich od klasycznych republikanów typu Cycerona. Osoba króla, legitymującego się „starożytnym” prawem do tronu, a właściwie – w ich rozumieniu – pochodzeniem swego urzędu i władzy od Boga, jest dla nich osobowym zwornikiem i zarazem gwarantem suwerenności Ojczyzny, obrony Ojczyzny i niezbywalnych praw jednostki ludzkiej. Historia ich myśli i ruchu, historia sporów intelektualnych i wojen, jakie prowadzili na przestrzeni ostatnich prawie 200 lat, jest tematem tej książki. Publikacja ta jest zarazem swoistym kalendarium, w którym niezwykle skrupulatnie zapisano historię oporu tradycji wobec rewolucji, wierności Bogu zderzonej z wiarołomstwem nawet wobec człowieka. Czytelnika Polskiego zainteresuje niewątpliwie i pobudzi do refleksji kwestia pewnej odmienności losów dwóch – nie tak dawno jeszcze – arcy-katolickich narodów Europy: hiszpańskiego, któremu też poświęcona jest ta książka, i polskiego. Wydaje się, że narracja autora pozwala zrozumieć polskiemu czytelnikowi, dlaczego dla karlistów, tradycjonalistów hiszpańskich tak ważny był król, podczas gdy w tradycyjnej Polsce raczej prawo do uczestniczenia w jego elekcji; dlaczego dla Hiszpanów wiara katolicka i wierność jej była i jest zasadniczym powodem usprawiedliwiającym oddanie życia, a dlaczego w przypadku niegdysiejszych Polaków wiara była mniej istotna niż wolność Ojczyzny; dlaczego wreszcie obie te nacje zarówno ceniły sobie i były gotowe oddać życie w obronie realnych wolności i swobód broniąc ich przede wszystkim przed uroszczeniami własnej władzy – króla z urodzenia lub z wyboru. Obcując z niniejszym dziełem, jak pisał profesor Jan Kieniewicz w swej recenzji: …mamy do czynienia z wybitną monografią przygotowaną przez znawcę europejskich nurtów zachowawczych. doskonałe wprowadzenie do hiszpańskiej myśli zachowawczej, ujętej na tle europejskim. Wynika to nie tylko z erudycji autora, ale także z precyzji jego myślenia. Na świetnie dobranych przykładach pokazuje istotę postawy zachowawczej i dowodzi jej znaczenia w panoramie hiszpańskiej myśli politycznej. Szereg ważnych zjawisk z dziejów Hiszpanii zyskuje w ujęciu autora nowe i bardzo ciekawie zaprezentowane ujęcie. (…)Są jednak poważne powody, by monografię Jacka Bartyzela przedstawić (…) czytelnikom polskim. (…) jego intencją było ukazanie karlizmu jako ruchu i doktryny na wskroś kontrrewolucyjnej. A to jest sprawa wymagająca wielkiej uwagi, ze względu na całkowicie odmienne doświadczenia polskie. Z perspektywy polskiego poznawania Hiszpanii bardzo istotne znaczenie ma także zwrócenie uwagi na tradycję las Espanas, czyli koncepcji przeciwstawnej nowoczesnemu nacjonalizmowi”.

В монографии д. ист. н., профессора каф. зарубежного регионоведения и дипломатии Кубанского государственного университета В. Е. Баглай рассматривается история индейцев тараски – традиционного общества доколумбового периода истории Мексики: хозяйство, материальная культура, социальная структура, духовная культура и др. Книга адресована студентов исторических и социологических факультетов университетов и всем интересующимся этнографией.

Самый актуальное исследование! Вершина мировой историографии! «Короткий XX век», по мнению Хобсбаума, сделавшего термин общеупотребимым, – это период с 1914 по 1991 год, то есть с начала Первой мировой войны и до распада Советского Союза. Все основные и самые значимые события XX века уложились именно в этот временной отрезок, сделав его одним из самых насыщенных, сложных и неоднозначных во всей мировой истории. Здесь, с одной стороны, беспрецедентный научно-технический прогресс, а с другой – абсолютно средневековое мракобесие расистских теорий, торжество медицины, поборовшей множество смертоносных заболеваний, и две невиданные по своему масштабу и жестокости мировые войны, первый полет человека к звездам и первая атомная бомба, «золотая эпоха» 50-60-х годов и целая череда унылых и мрачных «кризисных десятилетий». Эрик Хобсбаум подробно разбирает, каким был XX век, как изменил он нашу цивилизацию и какие уроки человечество из него извлекло. © Bruce Hunter and Christopher Wrigley, 1994 © О. Лифанова, перевод на русский язык (главы 1–13), 2004, 2020 © А. Никольская, перевод на русский язык (главы 14–19), 2004, 2020 © А. Бондаренко, художественное оформление, макет, 2020 Издательство CORPUS ® © & ℗ ООО «Издательство АСТ», «Аудиокнига», 2020

Mohawks on the Nile explores the absorbing history of sixty Aboriginal men who left their occupations in the Ottawa River timber industry to participate in a military expedition on the Nile River in 1884-1885. Chosen becuase of their outstanding skills as boatmen and river pilots, they formed part of the Canadian Voyageur Contingent, which transported British troops on a fleet of whaleboats through the Nile’s treacherous cataracts in the hard campaigning of the Sudan War. Their objective was to reach Khartoum, capital of the Egyptian province of Sudan. Their mission was to save its governor general, Major-General Charles Gordon, besieged by Muslim forces inspired by the call to liberate Sudan from foreign control by Muhammad Ahmad, better known to his followers as the «the Mahdi.» In addition to Carl Benn’s historical exploration of this remarkable subject, this book includes the memoirs of two Mohawk veterans of the campaign, Louis Jackson and James Deer, who recorded the details of their adventures upon returning to Canada in 1885. It also presents readers with additional period documents, maps, historical images, and other materials to enhance appreciation of this unusual story, including an annotated roll of the Mohawks who won praise for the exceptional quality of their work in this legendary campaign in the chronicle of Britain’s expansion into Africa.

In Man and Mission: E. B. Gaston and the Origins of the Fairhope Single Tax Colony, historian Paul Gaston relates his grandfather's 1864 founding of the utopian community of Fairhope, Alabama. The twenty-eight “Fairhopers” hoped to realize an “equality of opportunity, the full reward of individual efforts, and the benefits of co-operation in matters of general concern,” at a time when the economic system of the United State was ravaged by monopoly capitalism. Using family and public records, Man and Mission gives an intimate view of a vibrant moment in the history of Gilded Age America.

" Africa’s Children is a testament to one’s heritage, a belief in one’s ancestors, and a record of truth … no told!" – Dr. Henry V. Bishop, chief curator, Black Cultural Centre, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Chronicling the history of Black families of the Yarmouth area of Nova Scotia, Africa’s Children is a mirror image of the hopes and despairs and the achievements and injustices that mark the early stories of many African-Canadians. This extensively researched history traces the lives of those people, still enslaved at the time, who arrived with the influx of Black Loyalists and landed in Shelburne in 1783, as well as those who had come with their masters as early as 1767. Their migration to a new home did little to improve their overall living conditions, a situation that would persist for many years throughout Yarmouth County. By drawing on a comprehensive range of sources that include census and cemetery records, church and school histories, libraries, museums, oral histories, newspapers, wills, The Black Loyalist Directory , and many others, this is a history that has been overlooked for far too long.

В книге впервые в отечественной историографии исследуется отношение американского общества к войне с Великобританией в 1812–1815 гг. События вписываются в контекст наполеоновских войн и хронологически совпадают с Отечественной войной 1812 г. и заграничными походами русских войск. Восприятие в американской историографии и исторической памяти народа этой войны весьма противоречиво, от восхваления как второй Войны за независимость, создавшей национальный гимн или образ дяди Сэма, до резкой критики ненужного и бессмысленного конфликта, «войны м-ра Мэдисона», затеянной ради партийных целей и личных амбиций, во время которой американцы пережили национальный позор, а их столица была сожжена врагом. Дается анализ состояния американского общества накануне и в период англо-американской войны, уделяется внимание дискуссиям в американском Конгрессе. США впервые в своей истории объявили войну другому государству, и конгрессмены поддержали президента. Интересным является материал об отношении России к англо-американскому конфликту и позиции американцев в связи с Отечественной войной 1812 г. Монография предназначена для студентов, для гуманитариев широкого профиля, для всех, кто интересуется американской историей. В формате PDF A4 сохранен издательский макет.

Gold. With that one little word and its promise of fabulous wealth, people from all parts of the world came to British Columbia in the 1850s and 1860s. Most were ill equipped for the difficult terrain, the icy water, and the inhospitable climate. Some found the motherlode. Others settled for becoming rich merchants. Most became impoverished, and a large number lost their lives. With new roads and new settlers, the gold rush helped build Canada’s West. This pictorial history tells the stories of the Fraser and Cariboo gold rush and of the lives involved in that tumultuous but decisive event in Canadian history.

In this 60th anniversary edition is Ted Barris’ telling of the unique story of Canada’s largest World War II expenditure – $1.75 billion in a Commonwealth-wide training scheme, based in Canada that supplied the Allied air war with nearly a quarter of a million qualified airmen. Within its five-year life-span, the BCATP supplied a continuous flow of battle-ready pilots, navigators, wireless radio operators, air gunners, flight engineers, riggers and fitters or more commonly known as ground crew, principally for the RCAF and RAF as well as the USAAF. While the story of so many men graduating from the most impressive air training scheme in history is compelling enough, Ted Barris offers the untold story of the instructors – the men behind the glory – who taught those airmen the vital air force trades that ensure Allied victory over Europe, North Africa and the Pacific. In Winston Churchill’s words, the BCATP proved «the decisive factor» in winning the Second World War. This 60th anniversary edition arrives as Canada continues to celebrate 2005 as the Year of the Veteran. Ted Barris interviewed more than 200 instructors and using their anecdotes and viewpoints he recounts the story of the flyers who coped with the dangers of training missions and the frustration of fighting the war thousands of miles away from the front without losing their enthusiasm for flying.

В методическом пособии, предназначенном для 11 класса средних общеобразовательных кавказских школ, представлено поурочное планирование учебно-развивающего курса «Идеи народной педагогики по воспитанию всесторонне развитой личности», составленного в рамках государственного национального проекта «О национальном образовании». Оно предназначено работникам среднего и высшего образования, студентам, аспирантам и специалистам, занимающимся проблемами педагогики. Данное методическое пособие является экспериментальным изданием и потому автор просит присылать свои замечания и пожелания всем заинтересованным лицам.

The young girl from the Ottawa Valley who served as a nurse in North Africa with only a helmet of fresh water a day, the teenage soldier from Fredericton who stole pig swill to survive in a Hong Kong prisoner of war camp, the English woman who survived the sinking of the Athenia to become a war-bride, and an Alberta airman who crashed off the icy coast of Greenland, these are but only four of the thirty compelling personal accounts of war experiences. Many private photographs from their own albums illustrate these stories, which reflect the world wide aspect of the war from the Indian Ocean to the North Atlantic, from Poland to the Middle East, and the varied activities and duties of these young men and women. Their hardships, their adventures, frustrations, fears, joys and romances are chronicled in a poignant and often humorous manner.

Алексей Иванов, культуролог, автор романов «Географ глобус пропил», «Золото бунта», «Блуда и МУДО» и др., продолжает начатое в книге «Хребет России» исследование уральской – горнозаводской – идентичности. Урал – самая индустриализованная зона планеты Земля. Тотальная индустриализация региона началась с реформ Петра I, а при Екатерине II благодаря Уралу Российская империя вышла в мировые промышленные лидеры – в отечественной истории подобное случилось только один раз. К этому времени на Урале было построено больше двух сотен горных заводов. Держава горных заводов породила культурный феномен, который в ХХ веке социологами был назван «горнозаводской цивилизацией». Это вариант русского мира, но с особой системой ценностей, с особой мифологией, с особыми культурными героями.

Легендарный крейсер «Рюрик»… Его жизнь началась необычно, и служба, от первого, кильского, парада, до последнего, в Японском море, проходила как один сплошной праздник под звуки гимна, маршей и вальсов корабельного оркестра. Но если спросить современного читателя, уверенно разменивающего XXI век, что он знает об этом корабле? Ответ будет не оригинален – ничего… Построенный как крейсер-истребитель торговли, он никогда не действовал, как предполагалось по проекту. Во время Русско-японской войны ему пришлось оперировать в сравнительной близости от Японии, что предопределило его гибель… 1 (14) августа 1904 г. русский отряд в составе трех крейсеров – «Рюрик», «Россия» и «Громобой» – в Корейском проливе столкнулся с восемью японскими крейсерами. После ожесточенного пятичасового боя, потеряв убитыми и ранеными более половины экипажа, исчерпав все средства для сопротивления, «Рюрик» был затоплен экипажем. Данная работа предназначена для того, чтобы хоть в незначительной степени исправить досадное недоразумение и напомнить, что перечень героических кораблей не исчерпывается «Варягом», «Славой» или «Авророй».

31 мая 1916 года состоялось крупнейшее в мировой истории морское сражение. В Северном море в смертельной схватке сошлись британский Гранд-Флит и германский Флот Открытого моря. Едва ли не самыми главными героями битвы стали линейные крейсера «Лайон», «Принцесс Ройял», «Куин Мэри» и «Тайгер». Ранее пренебрежительно прозванные «кошками адмирала Фишера», они вынесли на себе основную тяжесть сражения у Доггер-банки и Ютландской битвы. Данная книга восстанавливает историю создания, мирной службы и боевого применения одних из самых совершенных кораблей британского флота, ставших первыми сверхдредноутами среди линейных крейсеров и навсегда вписавших свои имена в историю войн. Издание иллюстрировано множеством чертежей и эксклюзивных фотографий.

Монография посвящена истории становления и совершенствования путей сообщения, основу которых составляли дороги и мосты. В широких хронологических рамках анализируются основные причины строительства путей сообщения, пути и методы решения технических проблем, приводятся биографии наиболее выдающихся ученых и организаторов этой отрасли. Книга предназначена для профессиональных историков, строителей, архитекторов и всех интересующихся прошлым своего края, страны и мира в целом.