Analysis of Food Toxins and Toxicants

Process-Induced Food Toxicants combines the analytical, health, and risk management issues relating to all of the currently known processing-induced toxins that may be present in common foods. It considers the different processing methods used in the manufacture of foods, including thermal treatment, drying, fermentation, preservation, fat processing, and high hydrostatic pressure processing, and the potential contaminants for each method. The book discusses the analysis, formation, mitigation, health risks, and risk management of each hazardous compound. Also discussed are new technologies and the impact of processing on nutrients and allergens.

A growing awareness of the relationship between diet and health has led to an increasing demand for food products that support health beyond simply providing basic nutrition. Digestive health is the largest segment of the burgeoning functional food market worldwide. Incorporation of bioactive oligosaccharides into foods can yield health benefits in the gastrointestinal tract and other parts of the body that are linked via the immune system. Because oligosaccharides can be added to a wide variety of foodstuffs, there is much interest within the food industry in incorporating these functional ingredients into healthy food products. Moreover, other areas such as pharmaceuticals, bioenergy and environmental science can exploit the physicochemical and physiological properties of bioactive oligosaccharides too. There is therefore a considerable demand for a concentrated source of information on the development and characterization of new oligosaccharides with novel and/or improved bioactivities. Food Oligosaccharides: Production, Analysis and Bioactivityis a comprehensive reference on the naturally occurring and synthesised oligosaccharides, which will enable food professionals to select and use these components in their products. It is divided into three sections: (i) Production and bioactivity of oligosaccharides, (ii) Analysis and (iii) Prebiotics in Food Formulation. The book addresses classical and advanced techniques to structurally characterize and quantitatively analyse food bioactive oligosaccharides. It also looks at practical issues faced by food industry professionals seeking to incorporate prebiotic oligosaccharides into food products, including the effects of processing on prebiotic bioavailability. This book is essential reading for food researchers and professionals, nutritionists and product developers working in the food industry, and students of Food Science with an interest in functional foods.

This beautifully illustrated textbook provides a clear guide to the tools and techniques of genetic engineering, gene cloning and molecular biology. All aspects of genetic engineering in the post-genomic era are covered, beginning with the basics of DNA structure and DNA metabolism. Using an example-driven approach, the fundamentals of creating mutations in DNA, cloning in bacteria, yeast, plants and animals are all clearly presented. Strong emphasis is placed on the latest, post genomic technologies including DNA macro and microarrays, genome-wide two hybrid analysis, proteomics and bioinformatics. A modern post-genome era introduction to key techniques used in genetic engineering. An example driven past-to-present approach to allow the experiments of today to be placed in an historical context The book is beautifully illustrated in full-colour throughout. Associated website including updates, additional content and illusions

An integrated approach to understanding the principles of sampling, chemical analysis, and instrumentation This unique reference focuses on the overall framework and why various methodologies are used in environmental sampling and analysis. An understanding of the underlying theories and principles empowers environmental professionals to select and adapt the proper sampling and analytical protocols for specific contaminants as well as for specific project applications. Covering both field sampling and laboratory analysis, Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis includes: A review of the basic analytical and organic chemistry, statistics, hydrogeology, and environmental regulations relevant to sampling and analysis An overview of the fundamentals of environmental sampling design, sampling techniques, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) essential to acquire quality environmental data A detailed discussion of: the theories of absorption spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative environmental analysis; metal analysis using various atomic absorption and emission spectrometric methods; and the instrumental principles of common chromatographic and electrochemical methods An introduction to advanced analytical techniques, including various hyphenated mass spectrometries and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy With real-life case studies that illustrate the principles plus problems and questions at the end of each chapter to solidify understanding, this is a practical, hands-on reference for practitioners and a great textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental science and engineering.

Emphasizes the strategy of experimentation, data analysis, and the interpretation of experimental results. Features numerous examples using actual engineering and scientific studies. Presents statistics as an integral component of experimentation from the planning stage to the presentation of the conclusions. Deep and concentrated experimental design coverage, with equivalent but separate emphasis on the analysis of data from the various designs. Topics can be implemented by practitioners and do not require a high level of training in statistics. New edition includes new and updated material and computer output.

Thermal Analysis techniques are used in a wide range of disciplines, from pharmacy and foods to polymer science, materials and glasses; in fact any field where changes in sample behaviour are observed under controlled heating or controlled cooling conditions. The wide range of measurements possible provide fundamental information on the material properties of the system under test, so thermal analysis has found increasing use both in basic characterisation of materials and in a wide range of applications in research, development and quality control in industry and academia. Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis is written by manufacturers and experienced users of thermal techniques. It provides the reader with sound practical instruction on how to use the techniques and gives an up to date account of the principle industrial applications. By covering basic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) including the new approach of Fast Scanning DSC, together with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA /TMA) methods, then developing the discussion to encompass industrial applications, the book serves as an ideal introduction to the technology for new users. With a strong focus on practical issues and relating the measurements to the physical behaviour of the materials under test, the book will also serve as an important reference for experienced analysts.

A comprehensive overview of fluid dynamic models and experimental results that can help solve problems in centrifugal compressors and modern techniques for a more efficient aerodynamic design. Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors isacomprehensive overview of the theoretical fluid dynamic models describing the flow in centrifugal compressors and the modern techniques for the design of more efficient centrifugal compressors. The author – a noted expert in the field, with over 40 years of experience – evaluates relevant numerical and analytical prediction models for centrifugal compressors with special attention to their accuracy and limitations. Relevant knowledge from the last century is linked with new insights obtained from modern CFD. Emphasis is to link the flow structure, performance and stability to the geometry of the different compressor components. Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors is an accessible resource that combines theory with experimental data and previous research with recent developments in computational design and optimization. This important resource Covers the basic information concerning fluid dynamics that are specific for centrifugal compressors and clarifies the differences with axial compressors Provides an overview of performance prediction models previously developed in combination with extra results from research conducted by the author Describes helpful numerical and analytical models for the flow in the different components in relation to flow stability, operating range and performance Includes the fundamental information for the aerodynamic design of more efficient centrifugal compressors Explains the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the design and analysis of centrifugal compressors Written for engineers, researchers and designers in industry as well as for academics specializing in the field, Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Compressors offers an up to date overview of the information needed for the design of more effective centrifugal compressors.

The Method of Lines (MOL) is a versatile approach to obtaining numerical solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) as they appear in dynamic and static problems. This method, popular in science and engineering, essentially reduces PDEs to a set of ordinary differential equations that can be integrated using standard numerical integration methods. Its significant advantage is that the analysis algorithms follow the physical wave propagation and are therefore efficient. This is because the fields on the discretisation lines are described by generalised transmission line (GTL) equations. With this formulation we have a connection to the well known transmission line theory and resulting in an easy understanding. The method of lines is a very accurate and powerful way to analyze electromagnetic waves, enabling a full-wave solution without the computational burden of pure finite element or finite difference methods. With Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, Reinhold Pregla describes an important and powerful method for analyzing electromagnetic waves. This book: Describes the general analysis principles for electromagnetic fields. Includes applications in microwave, millimetre wave and optical frequency regions. Unifies the analysis by introducing generalised transmission line (GTL) equations for all orthogonal coordinate systems and with materials of arbitrary anisotropy as a common start point. Demonstrates a unique analysis principle with the numerical stable impedance/admittance transformation and a physical adapted field transformation concept that is also useful for other modelling algorithms. Includes chapters on Eigenmode calculations for various waveguides, concatenations and junctions of arbitrary number of different waveguide sections in complex devices, periodic structures (e.g. Bragg gratings, meander lines, clystron resonators, photonic crystals), antennas (e.g. circular and conformal). Enables the reader to solve partial differential equations in other physical areas by using the described principles. Features an accompanying website with program codes in Matlab© for special problems. Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves will appeal to electromagnetic field practitioners in primary and applied research as well as postgraduate students in the areas of photonics, micro- and millimetre waves, general electromagnetics, e.g. microwave integrated circuits, antennas, integrated and fibre optics, optoelectronics, nanophotonics, microstructures, artificial materials.

The concept of digital risk, which has become ubiquitous in the media, sustains a number of myths and beliefs about the digital world. This book explores the opposite view of these ideologies by focusing on digital risks as perceived by actors in their respective contexts.

Perceptions and Analysis of Digital Risks identifies the different types of risks that concern actors and actually impact their daily lives, within education or various socio-professional environments. It provides an analysis of the strategies used by the latter to deal with these risks as they conduct their activities; thus making it possible to characterize the digital cultures and, more broadly, the informational cultures at work.

This book offers many avenues for action in terms of educating the younger generations, training teachers and leaders, and mediating risks.

Treats studies, primarily in human populations, that show casual effects of certain agents, procedures, treatment or programs. Deals with the difficulties that comparative observational studies have because of bias in their design and analysis. Systematically considers the many sources of bias and discusses how care in matching or adjustment of results can reduce the effects of bias in these investigations.