Chemical Sensors and Biosensors for Medical and Biological Applications

Key features include: Self-assessment questions and exercises Chapters start with essential principles, then go on to address more advanced topics More than 1300 references to direct the reader to key literature and further reading Highly illustrated with 450 figures, including chemical structures and reactions, functioning principles, constructive details and response characteristics Chemical sensors are self-contained analytical devices that provide real-time information on chemical composition. A chemical sensor integrates two distinct functions: recognition and transduction. Such devices are widely used for a variety of applications, including clinical analysis, environment monitoring and monitoring of industrial processes. This text provides an up-to-date survey of chemical sensor science and technology, with a good balance between classical aspects and contemporary trends. Topics covered include: Structure and properties of recognition materials and reagents, including synthetic, biological and biomimetic materials, microorganisms and whole-cells Physicochemical basis of various transduction methods (electrical, thermal, electrochemical, optical, mechanical and acoustic wave-based) Auxiliary materials used e.g. synthetic and natural polymers, inorganic materials, semiconductors, carbon and metallic materials properties and applications of advanced materials (particularly nanomaterials) in the production of chemical sensors and biosensors Advanced manufacturing methods Sensors obtained by combining particular transduction and recognition methods Mathematical modeling of chemical sensor processes Suitable as a textbook for graduate and final year undergraduate students, and also for researchers in chemistry, biology, physics, physiology, pharmacology and electronic engineering, this bookis valuable to anyone interested in the field of chemical sensors and biosensors.

Technological needs for chemical, ionic and biological species detection are giving rise to continuous research and development in physico-chemistry and biology. The constant progress being made in the theoretical and technological aspects concerning studies and developments of chemical sensors, biosensors and biochips is presented in this book by different scientists and professors from different universities and constitutes an updating of the state of the art for chemical sensors, biosensors and biochips. This book places a large emphasis on interaction between chemical and biological species, in a gaseous or liquid state, and details mineral and biological materials acting as sensitive elements. The role of electrical, electrochemical, piezoelectric and optical transducers in detection mechanisms are presented through their developments and from a performance point-of-view. Micro-reactors, nanotechnologies and flexible substrates, are considered in relation to their role in neural networks. Contents 1. Chemical and Biological Recognition, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault. 2. Adsorption Phenomena, Ren? Lalauze. 3. Microcantilever Transduction, Isabelle Dufour. 4. Piezoelectric Transduction (QCM), Hubert Perrot. 5. Metal Oxide Gas Sensors, Christophe Pijolat. 6. Molecular Material-based Conductimetric Gas Sensors, Marcel Bouvet. 7. Responses and Electrical Properties of Gas Microsensors, Khalifa Aguir. 8. Gas Microsensor Technology, Philippe Menini. 9. Multisensors: Measurements and Behavior Models, Philippe Breuil. 10. Development of Microtechnologies for the Realization of Chemical, Biochemical and/or Biological Microsensors, Pierre Temple-Boyer. 11. Development of Micro-preconcentrators for the Detection of Gaseous Species at Trace Level, Jean-Paul Viricelle. 12. Microfluidics: Manipulation of Nanovolume Samples, Louis Renaud. 13. Electrochemical Biosensors, Chantal Gondran. 14. Fiber-optic Biosensors, Neso Sojic. 15. In Vivo Analyses with Electrochemical Microsensors, St?phane Arbault. 16. Microbial Biosensors for Environmental Applications, G?rald Thouand and Marie Jos? Durand. 17. Biofuel Cells, Serge Cosnier.

Covering the huge developments in sensor technology and electronic sensing devices that have occurred in the last 10 years, this book uses an open learning format to encourage reader understanding of the subject. An invaluable distance learning book Applications orientated providing invaluable aid for anyone wishing to use chemical and biosensors Key features and subjects covered include the following: Sensors based on both electrochemical and photometric transducers Mass-sensitive sensors Thermal-sensitive sensors Performance factors for sensors Examples of applications Detailed case studies of five selected sensors 30 discussion questions with worked examples and 80 self-assessment questions 140 explanatory diagrams An extensive bibliography

A step-by-step guide to the topic with a mix of theory and practice in the fields of biology, chemistry and physics. Straightforward and well-structured, the first chapter introduces fundamental aspects of surface treatments, after which examples from nature are given. Subsequent chapters discuss various methods to surface modification, including chemical and physical approaches, followed by the characterization of the functionalized surfaces. Applications discussed include the lotus effect, diffusion barriers, enzyme immobilization and catalysis. Finally, the book concludes with a look at future technology advances. Throughout the text, tutorials and case studies are used for training purposes to grant a deeper understanding of the topic, resulting in an essential reference for students as well as for experienced engineers in R&D.

Filling an obvious gap in the scientific literature, this practice-oriented reference is the first to tie together the working knowledge of large screening centers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological field. It spans the entire fi eld of this emerging discipline, from compound acquisition to collection optimization for specific purposes, to technology and quality control. In so doing, it applies two decades of expertise gathered by several large pharmaceutical companies to current and future challenges in high-throughput screening. With its treatment of libraries of small molecules as well as biobanks containing biomolecules, microorganisms and tissue samples, this reference is universally applicable for any molecular scientist involved in a large screening program.

This book reviews the state of art in the field of chemical sensors for analyses of ionic or molecular species dissolved in liquid media, mainly in aqueous solutions. The transduction of such devices is based on chemical, biological and physical phenomena. The fundamental phenomena involved in these sensors are described in the different chapters by specialists having a good expertise in the field. Numerous recent bibliographic references are given. Most of the devices could be miniaturised using modern technologies allowing a fabrication on a large scale, for a mass production at low cost. Moreover, such devices could open the field of applications in a near future (environmental, biomedical, food industries, domotic and automotive applications etc.).

An international team of experts from the leading companies in this field gives a detailed picture of existing as well as future applications. They discuss in detail current technologies, design and construction concepts, market considerations and commercial developments. Topics covered include vehicle safety, fuel consumption, air conditioning, emergency control, traffic control systems, and electronic guidance using radar and video. Meeting the growing need for comprehensive information on the capabilities, potentials and limitations of modern sensor systems, Sensors Applications is a book series covering the use of sophisticated technologies and materials for the creation of advanced sensors and their implementation in the key areas process monitoring, building control, health care, automobiles, aerospace, environmental technology and household appliances.

Due to remarkable developments in the field of sensors along with miniaturization, sophisticated microsensors are part of many aspects of 21st century medicine and health care. Turning sensory inputs of all kinds into defined electrical signals that can be interpreted and acted upon by both stationary and portable medical equipment as well as implants, sensors find many applications monitoring blood pressure, heart rates, glucose levels and many other parameters by which human health can be evaluated. They also serve as key components in modern imaging equipment as well as operating equipment for minimally invasive surgery, catheters and other applications. Taken as a whole, Sensors Applications covers all major fields of application for commercial sensors, as well as their manufacturing techniques and major types. Strong emphasis is placed on microsensors, microsystems and integrated electronic sensor packages rather than bulk equipment. Each of the individual volumes is tailored to the needs and queries of readers from the relevant branches of industry and research.

This first book to specifically focus on applications of conjugated polymers in the fields of biology and biomedicine covers materials science, physical principles, and nanotechnology. The editor and authors, all pioneers and experts with extensive research experience in the field, firstly introduce the synthesis and optical properties of various conjugated polymers, highlighting how to make organic soluble polymers compatible with the aqueous environment. This is followed by the application of these materials in optical sensing and imaging as well as the emerging applications in image-guided therapy and in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The result is a consolidated overview for polymer chemists, materials scientists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and bioengineers.

A guide to using molecular biology and immunological methods for the analysis of food Many of the analytical problems that food chemists face in the lab cannot be solved by chemistry alone, and so analytical chemists are turning to molecular biology and immunology for alternative approaches. Molecular Biological and Immunological Techniques and Applications for Food Chemists comprehensively explains the most important molecular biology and immunology methods, and illustrates their application in food analysis. Written by a distinguished group of experts, the coverage includes: Molecular Biological Methods—techniques explained, laboratory layout, PCR, real-time PCR, RFLP, SSCP, and sequencing Molecular Biology Applications—meat, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), food allergens, offal, and fish Immunological Methods—techniques explained and antibody-based detection methods Immunology Applications—animal speciation, international food allergen regulations (except Japanese), Japanese regulations and buckwheat allergen detection, egg allergen detection, soy allergen detection, milk allergen detection, gluten allergen detection, nut allergen detection, fish allergen detection, lupin allergen detection, mustard allergen detection, and celery allergen detection Clearly written and consistently edited to provide information to a wide range of readers, Molecular Biological and Immunological Techniques and Applications for Food Chemists offers an up-to-date reference for food scientists in government and industry, policymakers, and graduate-level students of food science, technology, and engineering. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.