Comets And Their Origin

Written by the pioneers of Viagra, the first blockbuster PDE inhibitor drug. Beginning with a review of the first wave of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, this book focuses on new and emerging PDE targets and their inhibitors. Drug development options for all major human PDE families are discussed and cover diverse therapeutic fields, such as neurological/psychiatric, cardiovascular/metabolic, pain, and allergy/respiratory diseases. Finally, emerging chemotherapeutic applications of PDE inhibitors against malaria and other tropical diseases are discussed.

Superelectrophiles and Their Chemistry contains, for the first-time, a discussion of the basics of this emerging field of organic chemistry, alongside tools to help the reader apply the chemistry. Specific tools include an evaluation of the ways to increase the strength of electrophiles, the classification of superelectrophiles, the solvation issues, a review of methods for studying superelectrophilicity, with details of the superelectrophiles that have been identified and studied. Additional information includes substituent effects in activation of superelectrophiles, and solvation in chemical reactions, as well as an insightful look into future applications.

Plant Cells and Their Organelles provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of plant organelles. The text focuses on subcellular organelles while also providing relevant background on plant cells, tissues and organs. Coverage of the latest methods of light and electron microscopy and modern biochemical procedures for the isolation and identification of organelles help to provide a thorough and up-to-date companion text to the field of plant cell and subcellular biology. The book is designed as an advanced text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students with student-friendly diagrams and clear explanations.

Soil Properties and their Correlations, Second Edition Michael Carter, Geotechnical Consultant (Retired), UK Stephen P Bentley, Reader in Engineering Geology, Cardiff University, UK An essential guide to improving preliminary geotechnical analysis and design from limited data Soil Properties and their Correlations, Second Edition provides a summary of commonly-used soil engineering properties and gives a wide range of correlations between the various properties, presented in the context of how they will be used in geotechnical design. The book is divided into 11 chapters: Commonly-measured properties; Grading and plasticity; Density; Permeability, Consolidation and settlement; Shear strength; California bearing ratio; Shrinkage and swelling characteristics; Frost susceptibility; Susceptibility to combustion; and Soil-structure interfaces. In addition, there are two appendices: Soil classification systems; and Sampling methods. This new, more comprehensive, edition provides material that would be of practical assistance to those faced with the problem of having to estimate soil behaviour from little or no laboratory test data. Key features: • Soil properties explained in practical terms. • A large number of correlations between different soil properties. • A valuable aid for assessing design values of properties. • Clear statements on practical limitations and accuracy. An invaluable source of reference for experienced professionals working on geotechnical design, it will also give students and early-career engineers an in-depth appreciation of the appropriate use of each property and the pitfalls to avoid.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) refer to a collection of micro-sensors and actuators, which can react to environmental change under micro- circuit control. The integration of MEMS into traditional Radio Frequency (RF) circuits has resulted in systems with superior performance levels and lower manufacturing costs. The incorporation of MEMS based fabrication technologies into micro and millimeter wave systems offers viable routes to ICs with MEMS actuators, antennas, switches and transmission lines. The resultant systems operate with an increased bandwidth and increased radiation efficiency and have considerable scope for implementation within the expanding area of wireless personal communication devices. This text provides leading edge coverage of this increasingly important area and highlights the overlapping information requirements of the RF and MEMS research and development communities. * Provides an introduction to micromachining techniques and their use in the fabrication of micro switches, capacitors and inductors * Includes coverage of MEMS devices for wireless and Bluetooth enabled systems Essential reading for RF Circuit design practitioners and researchers requiring an introduction to MEMS technologies, as well as practitioners and researchers in MEMS and silicon technology requiring an introduction to RF circuit design.

Prestigious contributors describe the genetic, molecular, anatomical and neurochemical mechanisms and pathways that operate to regulate and control circadian rhythmicity and functioning in organisms ranging from unicellular algae to human beings. Also considers the implications of the basic and clinical research for humans.

Bringing together basic ideas, classical theories, recent experimental and theoretical aspects, this book explains desiccation cracks from simple, easily-comprehensible cases to more complex, applied situations. The ideal team of authors, combining experimental and theoretical backgrounds, and with experience in both physical and earth sciences, discuss how the study of cracks can lead to the design of crack-resistant materials, as well as how cracks can be grown to generate patterned surfaces at the nano- and micro-scales. Important research and recent developments on tailoring desiccation cracks by different methods are covered, supported by straightforward, yet deep theoretical models. Intended for a broad readership spanning physics, materials science, and engineering to the geosciences, the book also includes additional reading especially for students engaged in pattern formation research.

Describing advanced detectors and their visualization and investigation techniques, this book presents the major applications in nuclear and high-energy physics, astrophysics, medicine and radiation measurements.

This book examines 200 contractual problems which regularly arise on building and engineering projects and provides a detailed explanation of their solutions, citing standard contract conditions and key parts of legal judgements as authority. A succinct summary is provided at the end of each detailed solution. It covers problems together with their solutions in respect of: Procurement matters Tenders and bidding Design issues Letters of intent Contractor's programme Contractor's float Delays Concurrent Delays Extensions of time Liquidated/delay damages Unliquidated damages Variations Loss and expense/additional cost claims Acceleration Global claims Payment Damage to the works Exclusion clauses Retention of title Practical completion Defect correction Adjudication This book deals with a broad range of construction contracts including JCT Standard Form and Design and Build, New Engineering Contract NEC3, ICE and GC/Works/1. This book was first published under the title of One Hundred Contractual Problems and Their Solutions, with a second edition entitled One Hundred and Fifty Contractual Problems and their Solutions. This third edition adds 50 new problems and replaces 15 of those in the last edition. Of the remainder half have been the subject of revision. «Deserves a place on every site and in every office as the standard handbook on contractual problems» —Construction Law Digest

This book considers 150 problems that regularly arise in building contracts and provides a detailed explanation as to their answers. It cites key parts of legal decisions as authority. The new edition includes some 50 new problems, and revised solutions to a third of the problems to take account of recent case law.