Correlative Learning

The first book of its kind to review the current status and future direction of the exciting new branch of machine learning/data mining called imbalanced learning Imbalanced learning focuses on how an intelligent system can learn when it is provided with imbalanced data. Solving imbalanced learning problems is critical in numerous data-intensive networked systems, including surveillance, security, Internet, finance, biomedical, defense, and more. Due to the inherent complex characteristics of imbalanced data sets, learning from such data requires new understandings, principles, algorithms, and tools to transform vast amounts of raw data efficiently into information and knowledge representation. The first comprehensive look at this new branch of machine learning, this book offers a critical review of the problem of imbalanced learning, covering the state of the art in techniques, principles, and real-world applications. Featuring contributions from experts in both academia and industry, Imbalanced Learning: Foundations, Algorithms, and Applications provides chapter coverage on: Foundations of Imbalanced Learning Imbalanced Datasets: From Sampling to Classifiers Ensemble Methods for Class Imbalance Learning Class Imbalance Learning Methods for Support Vector Machines Class Imbalance and Active Learning Nonstationary Stream Data Learning with Imbalanced Class Distribution Assessment Metrics for Imbalanced Learning Imbalanced Learning: Foundations, Algorithms, and Applications will help scientists and engineers learn how to tackle the problem of learning from imbalanced datasets, and gain insight into current developments in the field as well as future research directions.

Learn the science of collecting information to make effective decisions Everyday decisions are made without the benefit of accurate information. Optimal Learning develops the needed principles for gathering information to make decisions, especially when collecting information is time-consuming and expensive. Designed for readers with an elementary background in probability and statistics, the book presents effective and practical policies illustrated in a wide range of applications, from energy, homeland security, and transportation to engineering, health, and business. This book covers the fundamental dimensions of a learning problem and presents a simple method for testing and comparing policies for learning. Special attention is given to the knowledge gradient policy and its use with a wide range of belief models, including lookup table and parametric and for online and offline problems. Three sections develop ideas with increasing levels of sophistication: Fundamentals explores fundamental topics, including adaptive learning, ranking and selection, the knowledge gradient, and bandit problems Extensions and Applications features coverage of linear belief models, subset selection models, scalar function optimization, optimal bidding, and stopping problems Advanced Topics explores complex methods including simulation optimization, active learning in mathematical programming, and optimal continuous measurements Each chapter identifies a specific learning problem, presents the related, practical algorithms for implementation, and concludes with numerous exercises. A related website features additional applications and downloadable software, including MATLAB and the Optimal Learning Calculator, a spreadsheet-based package that provides an introduc­tion to learning and a variety of policies for learning.

Defines the notion of an activity model learned from sensor data and presents key algorithms that form the core of the field Activity Learning: Discovering, Recognizing and Predicting Human Behavior from Sensor Data provides an in-depth look at computational approaches to activity learning from sensor data. Each chapter is constructed to provide practical, step-by-step information on how to analyze and process sensor data. The book discusses techniques for activity learning that include the following: Discovering activity patterns that emerge from behavior-based sensor data Recognizing occurrences of predefined or discovered activities in real time Predicting the occurrences of activities The techniques covered can be applied to numerous fields, including security, telecommunications, healthcare, smart grids, and home automation. An online companion site enables readers to experiment with the techniques described in the book, and to adapt or enhance the techniques for their own use. With an emphasis on computational approaches, Activity Learning: Discovering, Recognizing, and Predicting Human Behavior from Sensor Data provides graduate students and researchers with an algorithmic perspective to activity learning.

A new approach to unsupervised learning Evolving technologies have brought about an explosion of information in recent years, but the question of how such information might be effectively harvested, archived, and analyzed remains a monumental challenge—for the processing of such information is often fraught with the need for conceptual interpretation: a relatively simple task for humans, yet an arduous one for computers. Inspired by the relative success of existing popular research on self-organizing neural networks for data clustering and feature extraction, Unsupervised Learning: A Dynamic Approach presents information within the family of generative, self-organizing maps, such as the self-organizing tree map (SOTM) and the more advanced self-organizing hierarchical variance map (SOHVM). It covers a series of pertinent, real-world applications with regard to the processing of multimedia data—from its role in generic image processing techniques, such as the automated modeling and removal of impulse noise in digital images, to problems in digital asset management and its various roles in feature extraction, visual enhancement, segmentation, and analysis of microbiological image data. Self-organization concepts and applications discussed include: Distance metrics for unsupervised clustering Synaptic self-amplification and competition Image retrieval Impulse noise removal Microbiological image analysis Unsupervised Learning: A Dynamic Approach introduces a new family of unsupervised algorithms that have a basis in self-organization, making it an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and scientists who want to create systems that effectively model oppressive volumes of data with little or no user intervention.

An interdisciplinary framework for learning methodologies—covering statistics, neural networks, and fuzzy logic, this book provides a unified treatment of the principles and methods for learning dependencies from data. It establishes a general conceptual framework in which various learning methods from statistics, neural networks, and fuzzy logic can be applied—showing that a few fundamental principles underlie most new methods being proposed today in statistics, engineering, and computer science. Complete with over one hundred illustrations, case studies, and examples making this an invaluable text.

Learn how to develop your reasoning skills and how to write well-reasoned proofs Learning to Reason shows you how to use the basic elements of mathematical language to develop highly sophisticated, logical reasoning skills. You'll get clear, concise, easy-to-follow instructions on the process of writing proofs, including the necessary reasoning techniques and syntax for constructing well-written arguments. Through in-depth coverage of logic, sets, and relations, Learning to Reason offers a meaningful, integrated view of modern mathematics, cuts through confusing terms and ideas, and provides a much-needed bridge to advanced work in mathematics as well as computer science. Original, inspiring, and designed for maximum comprehension, this remarkable book: * Clearly explains how to write compound sentences in equivalent forms and use them in valid arguments * Presents simple techniques on how to structure your thinking and writing to form well-reasoned proofs * Reinforces these techniques through a survey of sets–the building blocks of mathematics * Examines the fundamental types of relations, which is «where the action is» in mathematics * Provides relevant examples and class-tested exercises designed to maximize the learning experience * Includes a mind-building game/exercise space at www.wiley.com/products/subject/mathematics/

The book begins with a chapter on traditional methods of supervised learning, covering recursive least squares learning, mean square error methods, and stochastic approximation. Chapter 2 covers single agent reinforcement learning. Topics include learning value functions, Markov games, and TD learning with eligibility traces. Chapter 3 discusses two player games including two player matrix games with both pure and mixed strategies. Numerous algorithms and examples are presented. Chapter 4 covers learning in multi-player games, stochastic games, and Markov games, focusing on learning multi-player grid games—two player grid games, Q-learning, and Nash Q-learning. Chapter 5 discusses differential games, including multi player differential games, actor critique structure, adaptive fuzzy control and fuzzy interference systems, the evader pursuit game, and the defending a territory games. Chapter 6 discusses new ideas on learning within robotic swarms and the innovative idea of the evolution of personality traits. • Framework for understanding a variety of methods and approaches in multi-agent machine learning. • Discusses methods of reinforcement learning such as a number of forms of multi-agent Q-learning • Applicable to research professors and graduate students studying electrical and computer engineering, computer science, and mechanical and aerospace engineering

Machine learning and optimization techniques are revolutionizing our world. Other types of information technology have not progressed as rapidly in recent years, in terms of real impact. The aim of this book is to present some of the innovative techniques in the field of optimization and machine learning, and to demonstrate how to apply them in the fields of engineering.

Optimization and Machine Learning presents modern advances in the selection, configuration and engineering of algorithms that rely on machine learning and optimization. The first part of the book is dedicated to applications where optimization plays a major role, and the second part describes and implements several applications that are mainly based on machine learning techniques. The methods addressed in these chapters are compared against their competitors, and their effectiveness in their chosen field of application is illustrated.

An introduction to machine learning methods and their applications to problems in bioinformatics Machine learning techniques are increasingly being used to address problems in computational biology and bioinformatics. Novel computational techniques to analyze high throughput data in the form of sequences, gene and protein expressions, pathways, and images are becoming vital for understanding diseases and future drug discovery. Machine learning techniques such as Markov models, support vector machines, neural networks, and graphical models have been successful in analyzing life science data because of their capabilities in handling randomness and uncertainty of data noise and in generalization. From an internationally recognized panel of prominent researchers in the field, Machine Learning in Bioinformatics compiles recent approaches in machine learning methods and their applications in addressing contemporary problems in bioinformatics. Coverage includes: feature selection for genomic and proteomic data mining; comparing variable selection methods in gene selection and classification of microarray data; fuzzy gene mining; sequence-based prediction of residue-level properties in proteins; probabilistic methods for long-range features in biosequences; and much more. Machine Learning in Bioinformatics is an indispensable resource for computer scientists, engineers, biologists, mathematicians, researchers, clinicians, physicians, and medical informaticists. It is also a valuable reference text for computer science, engineering, and biology courses at the upper undergraduate and graduate levels.