Dried Blood Spots. Applications and Techniques

Patterning or lithography is at the core of modern science and technology and cuts across all disciplines. With the emergence of nanotechnology, conventional methods based on electron beam lithography and extreme ultraviolet photolithography have become prohibitively expensive. As a result, a number of simple and unconventional methods have been introduced, beginning first with research demonstrations in the mid 1990s. This book focuses on these unconventional patterning techniques and their applications to optics, organic devices, electronic devices, biological devices, and fluidics.

A guide to modern optimization applications and techniques in newly emerging areas spanning optimization, data science, machine intelligence, engineering, and computer sciences Optimization Techniques and Applications with Examples introduces the fundamentals of all the commonly used techniques in optimization that encompass the broadness and diversity of the methods (traditional and new) and algorithms. The author—a noted expert in the field—covers a wide range of topics including mathematical foundations, optimization formulation, optimality conditions, algorithmic complexity, linear programming, convex optimization, and integer programming. In addition, the book discusses artificial neural network, clustering and classifications, constraint-handling, queueing theory, support vector machine and multi-objective optimization, evolutionary computation, nature-inspired algorithms and many other topics. Designed as a practical resource, all topics are explained in detail with step-by-step examples to show how each method works. The book’s exercises test the acquired knowledge that can be potentially applied to real problem solving. By taking an informal approach to the subject, the author helps readers to rapidly acquire the basic knowledge in optimization, operational research, and applied data mining. This important resource: Offers an accessible and state-of-the-art introduction to the main optimization techniques Contains both traditional optimization techniques and the most current algorithms and swarm intelligence-based techniques Presents a balance of theory, algorithms, and implementation Includes more than 100 worked examples with step-by-step explanations Written for upper undergraduates and graduates in a standard course on optimization, operations research and data mining, Optimization Techniques and Applications with Examples is a highly accessible guide to understanding the fundamentals of all the commonly used techniques in optimization.

This bestselling textbook on physical electrochemistry caters to the needs of advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemistry, materials engineering, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering. It is unique in covering both the more fundamental, physical aspects as well as the application-oriented practical aspects in a balanced manner. In addition it serves as a self-study text for scientists in industry and research institutions working in related fields. The book can be divided into three parts: (i) the fundamentals of electrochemistry; (ii) the most important electrochemical measurement techniques; and (iii) applications of electrochemistry in materials science and engineering, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and industry. The second edition has been thoroughly revised, extended and updated to reflect the state-of-the-art in the field, for example, electrochemical printing, batteries, fuels cells, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage.

Understanding, identifying and influencing the biological systems are the primary objectives of chemical biology. From this perspective, metal complexes have always been of great assistance to chemical biologists, for example, in structural identification and purification of essential biomolecules, for visualizing cellular organelles or to inhibit specific enzymes. This inorganic side of chemical biology, which continues to receive considerable attention, is referred to as inorganic chemical biology. Inorganic Chemical Biology: Principles, Techniques and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging role of metal complexes in chemical biology. Throughout all of the chapters there is a strong emphasis on fundamental theoretical chemistry and experiments that have been carried out in living cells or organisms. Outlooks for the future applications of metal complexes in chemical biology are also discussed. Topics covered include: • Metal complexes as tools for structural biology • IMAC, AAS, XRF and MS as detection techniques for metals in chemical biology • Cell and organism imaging and probing DNA using metal and metal carbonyl complexes • Detection of metal ions, anions and small molecules using metal complexes • Photo-release of metal ions in living cells • Metal complexes as enzyme inhibitors and catalysts in living cells Written by a team of international experts, Inorganic Chemical Biology: Principles, Techniques and Applications is a must-have for bioinorganic, bioorganometallic and medicinal chemists as well as chemical biologists working in both academia and industry.

This book focuses on new techniques, analysis, applications and future trends of microstrip and printed antenna technologies, with particular emphasis to recent advances from the last decade Attention is given to fundamental concepts and techniques, their practical applications and the future scope of developments. Several topics, essayed as individual chapters include reconfigurable antenna, ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna, reflectarrays, antennas for RFID systems and also those for body area networks. Also included are antennas using metamaterials and defected ground structures (DGSs). Essential aspects including advanced design, analysis and optimization techniques based on the recent developments have also been addressed. Key Features: Addresses emerging hot topics of research and applications in microstrip and printed antennas Considers the fundamental concepts, techniques, applications and future scope of such technologies Discusses modern applications such as wireless base station to mobile handset, satellite earth station to airborne communication systems, radio frequency identification (RFID) to body area networks, etc. Contributions from highly regarded experts and pioneers from the US, Europe and Asia This book provides a reference for R&D researchers, professors, practicing engineers, and scientists working in these fields. Graduate students studying/working on related subjects will find this book as a comprehensive literature for understanding the present and future trends in microstrip and printed antennas.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a physical phenomenon based upon the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei, has found a wide range of applications in life sciences over recent decades. The dramatic advances in NMR techniques have led to corresponding advances in the ability of NMR to study structure, dynamics and interactions of biological macromolecules in solution under close to physiological conditions. This volume focuses on the use of NMR to study proteins. NMR can be used to determine detailed three-dimensional structures of proteins in solution. Furthermore, it provides information about conformational or chemical exchange, internal mobility and dynamics at timescales varying from pcoseconds to seconds. It is the primary technique used to obtain information on intrinsically disordered (unfolded) proteins, since these proteins will not crystallize easily. NMR is also a very powerful method for the study of interactions of protein with other molecules, whether small molecules (including drugs), nuclear acids or other proteins. This up-to-date volume covers NMR techiniques and their application to proteins, with a focus on practical details. This book will provide a newcomer to NMR with the practical guidance in order to carry out successful experiments with proteins and to analyze the resulting spectra. Those who are familiar with the chemical applications of NMR will also find is useful in understanding the special requirements of protien NMR.

All the tools needed to perform a thorough risk assessment—whether you're working in insurance, forensics, engineering, or public safety Risk analysis is the method of analyzing the dangers to individuals, businesses, and government agencies posed by potential natural and man-made hazards. The central task of the risk assessor is predicting the success of a project. This includes isolating the entire spectrum of adverse events that can derail a project or threaten the health and safety of individuals, organizations, and the environment. Designed as a practical, in-the-field toolkit, Risk Assessment details every aspect of how a risk assessment is performed, showing the proper tool to be used at various steps in the process, as well as locating the tool that best fits the risk assessment task at hand. Examining not only the very nature of risks and consequences, with fascinating historical examples, the book progresses from simple to more complex risk assessment techniques used by the authors in their daily work, all presented in a form that can be readily adapted to any number of real-life situations: Ecological Risk Assessment Task Analysis Techniques Preliminary Hazards Analysis Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Human Reliability Analysis Critical Incident Technique With numerous industry-specific case studies, as well as additional case studies for risk assessments for a restaurant and a process plant, the book provides readers with complete examples of how each of the techniques can be used in a variety of real-world situations. Including downloadable worksheets and other useful assessment materials, as well as guidance on using PRA software, this unparalleled reference offers all the tools and techniques needed to conduct a thorough and accurate assessment of risk.

A guide to using molecular biology and immunological methods for the analysis of food Many of the analytical problems that food chemists face in the lab cannot be solved by chemistry alone, and so analytical chemists are turning to molecular biology and immunology for alternative approaches. Molecular Biological and Immunological Techniques and Applications for Food Chemists comprehensively explains the most important molecular biology and immunology methods, and illustrates their application in food analysis. Written by a distinguished group of experts, the coverage includes: Molecular Biological Methods—techniques explained, laboratory layout, PCR, real-time PCR, RFLP, SSCP, and sequencing Molecular Biology Applications—meat, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), food allergens, offal, and fish Immunological Methods—techniques explained and antibody-based detection methods Immunology Applications—animal speciation, international food allergen regulations (except Japanese), Japanese regulations and buckwheat allergen detection, egg allergen detection, soy allergen detection, milk allergen detection, gluten allergen detection, nut allergen detection, fish allergen detection, lupin allergen detection, mustard allergen detection, and celery allergen detection Clearly written and consistently edited to provide information to a wide range of readers, Molecular Biological and Immunological Techniques and Applications for Food Chemists offers an up-to-date reference for food scientists in government and industry, policymakers, and graduate-level students of food science, technology, and engineering. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

A self-contained approach to DSP techniques and applications in radar imaging The processing of radar images, in general, consists of three major fields: Digital Signal Processing (DSP); antenna and radar operation; and algorithms used to process the radar images. This book brings together material from these different areas to allow readers to gain a thorough understanding of how radar images are processed. The book is divided into three main parts and covers: * DSP principles and signal characteristics in both analog and digital domains, advanced signal sampling, and interpolation techniques * Antenna theory (Maxwell equation, radiation field from dipole, and linear phased array), radar fundamentals, radar modulation, and target-detection techniques (continuous wave, pulsed Linear Frequency Modulation, and stepped Frequency Modulation) * Properties of radar images, algorithms used for radar image processing, simulation examples, and results of satellite image files processed by Range-Doppler and Stolt interpolation algorithms The book fully utilizes the computing and graphical capability of MATLAB? to display the signals at various processing stages in 3D and/or cross-sectional views. Additionally, the text is complemented with flowcharts and system block diagrams to aid in readers' comprehension. Digital Signal Processing Techniques and Applications in Radar Image Processing serves as an ideal textbook for graduate students and practicing engineers who wish to gain firsthand experience in applying DSP principles and technologies to radar imaging.

The simulation of electromagnetic transients is a mature field that plays an important role in the design of modern power systems. Since the first steps in this field to date, a significant effort has been dedicated to the development of new techniques and more powerful software tools. Sophisticated models, complex solution techniques and powerful simulation tools have been developed to perform studies that are of supreme importance in the design of modern power systems. The first developments of transients tools were mostly aimed at calculating over-voltages. Presently, these tools are applied to a myriad of studies (e.g. FACTS and Custom Power applications, protective relay performance, simulation of smart grids) for which detailed models and fast solution methods can be of paramount importance. This book provides a basic understanding of the main aspects to be considered when performing electromagnetic transients studies, detailing the main applications of present electromagnetic transients (EMT) tools, and discusses new developments for enhanced simulation capability. Key features: Provides up-to-date information on solution techniques and software capabilities for simulation of electromagnetic transients. Covers key aspects that can expand the capabilities of a transient software tool (e.g. interfacing techniques) or speed up transients simulation (e.g. dynamic model averaging). Applies EMT-type tools to a wide spectrum of studies that range from fast electromagnetic transients to slow electromechanical transients, including power electronic applications, distributed energy resources and protection systems. Illustrates the application of EMT tools to the analysis and simulation of smart grids.