High Temperature Experiments in Chemistry and Materials Science

Effective techniques for applying Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry In a relatively short period, Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (DCC) has grown from proof-of-concept experiments in a few isolated labs to a broad conceptual framework with applications to an exceptional range of problems in molecular recognition, lead compound identification, catalyst design, nanotechnology, polymer science, and others. Bringing together a group of respected experts, this overview explains how chemists can apply DCC and fragment-based library methods to lead generation for drug discovery and molecular recognition in bioorganic chemistry and materials science. Chapters cover: Basic theory Approaches to binding in proteins and nucleic acids Molecular recognition Self-sorting Catalyst discovery Materials discovery Analytical chemistry challenges A comprehensive, single-source reference about DCC methods and applications including aspects of fragment-based drug discovery, this is a core reference that will spark the development of new solutions and strategies for chemists building structure libraries and designing compounds and materials.

Mimicking natural biochemical processes, click chemistry is a modular approach to organic synthesis, joining together small chemical units quickly, efficiently and predictably. In contrast to complex traditional synthesis, click reactions offer high selectivity and yields, near-perfect reliability and exceptional tolerance towards a wide range of functional groups and reaction conditions. These ‘spring loaded’ reactions are achieved by using a high thermodynamic driving force, and are attracting tremendous attention throughout the chemical community. Originally introduced with the focus on drug discovery, the concept has been successfully applied to materials science, polymer chemistry and biotechnology. The first book to consider this topic, Click Chemistry for Biotechnology and Materials Science examines the fundamentals of click chemistry, its application to the precise design and synthesis of macromolecules, and its numerous applications in materials science and biotechnology. The book surveys the current research, discusses emerging trends and future applications, and provides an important nucleation point for research. Edited by one of the top 100 young innovators with the greatest potential to have an impact on technology in the 21st century according to Technology Review and with contributions from pioneers in the field, Click Chemistry for Biotechnology and Materials Science provides an ideal reference for anyone wanting to learn more about click reactions.

Mimicking natural biochemical processes, click chemistry is a modular approach to organic synthesis, joining together small chemical units quickly, efficiently and predictably. In contrast to complex traditional synthesis, click reactions offer high selectivity and yields, near-perfect reliability and exceptional tolerance towards a wide range of functional groups and reaction conditions. These ‘spring loaded’ reactions are achieved by using a high thermodynamic driving force, and are attracting tremendous attention throughout the chemical community. Originally introduced with the focus on drug discovery, the concept has been successfully applied to materials science, polymer chemistry and biotechnology. The first book to consider this topic, Click Chemistry for Biotechnology and Materials Science examines the fundamentals of click chemistry, its application to the precise design and synthesis of macromolecules, and its numerous applications in materials science and biotechnology. The book surveys the current research, discusses emerging trends and future applications, and provides an important nucleation point for research. Edited by one of the top 100 young innovators with the greatest potential to have an impact on technology in the 21st century according to Technology Review and with contributions from pioneers in the field, Click Chemistry for Biotechnology and Materials Science provides an ideal reference for anyone wanting to learn more about click reactions.

This proceedings investigates the relationship between features at the atomic level including oxygen vacancies, stacking faults and site order/disorder, grain boundaries, film-substrate interactions, buffer-superconductor interactions, thermodynamic, transport, and other macroscopic properties. This proceedings will also cover fundamental material properties studies, new growth methods, device and materials integration research, and developments in designing and growing new materials, all involving epitaxial superconducting thin films.

With its comprehensive review of the current knowledge and the future requirements in the field, this book presents all the features of bulk high temperature superconducting materials. Starting from physical and chemical fundamentals, the authors move on to portray methods and problems of materials processing, thoroughly working out the characteristic properties of bulk superconductors in contrast to long conductors and films. They provide a wide range of specific materials characteristics with respect to the latest developments and future applications guiding from fundamentals to practical engineering examples. The authors are all leading international specialists involved in the field of high TC superconductor bulk materials since the beginning. Of utmost interest to engineers, scientists, and PhD students working in this field.

Mechanisms of High-Temperature Fatigue and Fracture in Silicon Carbide Ceramics 1 D. Chen, X.F. Zhang, and R.O. Ritchie High Frequency Fatigue Crack Propagation in the Nickel-base Superalloy KM4 at High Temperatures 9 A. Shyam, S.A. Padula, and W.W. Milligan Fracture and Fatigue-Crack Growth Behavior in Mo-12Si-8.5B Intermetallics at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures 17 H. Choe, D. Chen, J.H Schneibel, and R.O. Ritchie Temperature Evolution and Fatigue Damage of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Steels 25 B. Yang, P.K. Liaw, H. Wang, L. Jiang, J.Y. Huang, R.C. Kuo, andJ.GHuang Effect of Frequency and Specimen Self-Heating on the Fatigue Life of Type 316 LN Stainless Steel 37 H. Tian, P.K. Liaw, D. Fielden, L. Jiang, B Yang,C.R. Brooks, D.D Bruns, M.D. Brotherton, H. Wang, J.P. Strizak, L.K. Mansur, J.R. DiStefano, K. Farrell, D.C. Lousteau, S.J. Pawel, and G.T. Yahr An Investigation of the Effects of Temperature on Fatigue Crack Growth in Cast Lamellar™ XD Gamma Alloy 41 J. Lou, C. Mercer, and W.O. Soboyejo An Investigation of the Effects of Loading Rate on Resistance-Curve Behavior and Toughening in Cast Lamellar XD™ Gamma Alloys 49 J. Lou, and W.O. Soboyejo Damage Assessment of Ceramic Matrix Composites by Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques 59 J. Kim, P.K. Liaw, H Wang, and Y.T. Lee High-Temperature Cyclic Fatigue-Crack Growth in Monolithic Ti3SiC2 Ceramics 71 K Shirato, D. Chen, M.W. Barsoum, T. El-Raghy, and R.O. Ritchie Low-Cycle Fatigue of UltimetR Alloy 77 L. Jiang, P.K. Liaw, C.R. Brooks, J. Strader, D.L. Klarstrom, and T. Jiang Influence of Hold Time and Temperature on Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Cobalt- Based Superalloy Haynes® 188 85 L.J. Chen, P.K. Liaw, Y.H. He, M.L. Benson, J. W. Blust, P.F. Browning, R.R. Seeley, and D.L. Klarstrom Orientation Dependence of Directional Coarsening in a Single Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy 95 Y.B. Xu, Y.H. Sha, J.H Zhang, andZ.Q. Hu In-Situ TEM Observation of Crack Propagation in a Single Crystal Ni3Al 97 Y.B. Xu, Z.W.Shan, andL. Liu Author Index 99

A comprehensive reference on nanoscale materials chemistry—now revised and updated. This extensive text provides twenty-two revised chapters on the preparations, applications, and characterization as well as the environmental and toxicological aspects of nanoscale materials, with an emphasis on the chemistry component. This Second Edition contains core topics including: New synthetic methods for nanomaterials Nanostructured solids Organized two- and three-dimensional nanocrystals Nanotubes, ribbons, and sheets Nanocatalysts, sorbents, and energy applications Unique physical properties of nanomaterials Photochemistry of nanomaterials Biological and environmental aspects of nanomaterials With input from top experts in the field, such as Bruce Dunn, Vicki Grassian, Warren Ford, and Chris Sorensen, among others, Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry presents a balanced survey of different topics in basic nanoparticle science, and includes helpful end-of-chapter questions and answers. Significantly expanded, the Second Edition remains a key text for understanding the fundamentals of nanoscale materials chemistry and a reliable resource for scientists and researchers.

Global population growth and tremendous economic development has brought us to the crossroads of long-term sustainability and risk of irreversible changes in the ecosystem. Energy efficient and ecofriendly technologies and systems are critically needed for further growth and sustainable development. While ceramic matrix composites were originally developed to overcome problems associated with the brittle nature of monolithic ceramics, today the composites can be tailored for customized purposes and offer energy efficient and ecofriendly applications, including aerospace, ground transportation, and power generation systems. The 9th International Conference on High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites (HTCMC 9) was held in Toronto, Canada, June 26-30, 2016 to discuss challenges and opportunities in manufacturing, commercialization, and applications for these important material systems. The Global Forum on Advanced Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Development (GFMAT 2016) was held in conjunction with HTCMC 9 to address key issues, challenges, and opportunities in a variety of advanced materials and technologies that are critically needed for sustainable societal development. This Ceramic Transactions volume contains a collection of peer reviewed papers from the 16 below symposia that were submitted from these two conferences Design and Development of Advanced Ceramic Fibers, Interfaces, and Interphases in Composites- A Symposium in Honor of Professor Roger Naslain Innovative Design, Advanced Processing, and Manufacturing Technologies Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nano-laminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases) Polymer Derived Ceramics and Composites Advanced Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings: Processing, Properties, and Applications Thermomechanical Behavior and Performance of Composites Ceramic Integration and Additive Manufacturing Technologies Component Testing and Evaluation of Composites CMC Applications in Transportation and Industrial Systems Powder Processing Innovation and Technologies for Advanced Materials and Sustainable Development Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies Ceramics for Sustainable Infrastructure: Geopolymers and Sustainable Composites Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-optical and Medical Applications Porous Ceramics for Advanced Applications Through Innovative Processing Multifunctional Coatings for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Applications

ENGINEERING PHYSICS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS Discover a comprehensive exploration of high temperature materials written by leading materials scientists In Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials: Metals, Ice, Rocks, and Ceramics distinguished researchers and authors Nirmal K. Sinha and Shoma Sinha deliver a rigorous and wide-ranging discussion of the behavior of different materials at high temperatures. The book discusses a variety of physical phenomena, from plate tectonics and polar sea ice to ice-age and intraglacial depression and the postglacial rebound of Earth’s crust, stress relaxation at high temperatures, and microstructure and crack-enhanced Elasto Delayed Elastic Viscous (EDEV) models. At a very high level, Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials (EPHTM) takes a multidisciplinary view of the behavior of materials at temperatures close to their melting point. The volume particularly focuses on a powerful model called the Elasto-Delayed-Elastic-Viscous (EDEV) model that can be used to study a variety of inorganic materials ranging from snow and ice, metals, including complex gas-turbine engine materials, as well as natural rocks and earth formations (tectonic processes). It demonstrates how knowledge gained in one field of study can have a strong impact on other fields. Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials will be of interest to a broad range of specialists, including earth scientists, volcanologists, cryospheric and interdisciplinary climate scientists, and solid-earth geophysicists. The book demonstrates that apparently dissimilar polycrystalline materials, including metals, alloys, ice, rocks, ceramics, and glassy materials, all behave in a surprisingly similar way at high temperatures. This similarity makes the information contained in the book valuable to all manner of physical scientists. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the importance of a unified model of high temperature material behavior, including high temperature deformation and the strength of materials An exploration of the nature of crystalline substances for engineering applications, including basic materials classification, solid state materials, and general physical principles Discussions of forensic physical materialogy and test techniques and test systems Examinations of creep fundamentals, including rheology and rheological terminology, and phenomenological creep failure models Perfect for materials scientists, metallurgists, and glaciologists, Engineering Physics of High-Temperature Materials: Metals, Ice, Rocks, and Ceramics will also earn a place in the libraries of specialists in the nuclear, chemical, and aerospace industries with an interest in the physics and engineering of high-temperature materials.

The world's ever-growing demand for power has created an urgent need for new efficient and sustainable sources of energy and electricity. Today's consumers of portable electronics also demand devices that not only deliver more power but are also environmentally friendly. Fuel cells are an important alternative energy source, with promise in military, commercial and industrial applications, for example power vehicles and portable devices. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. Fuel cells represent the most efficient energy conversion technologies to-date and are an integral part in the new and renewable energy chain (e.g., solar, wind and hydropower). Fuel cells can be classified as either high-temperature or lowtemperature, depending on their operating temperature, and have different materials requirements. This book is dedicated to the study of high temperature fuel cells. In hightemperature fuel cells, the electrolyte materials are ceramic or molten carbonate, while the electrode materials are ceramic or metal (but not precious metal). High operation temperature fuel cells allow internal reforming, promote rapid kinetics with non-precious materials and offer high flexibilities in fuel choice, and are potential and viable candidate to moderate the fast increase in power requirements and to minimize the impact of the increased power consumption on the environment. 'Materials for High Temperature Fuel Cells' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. Max Q. Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.