Hybrid Systems with Constraints

The main aim of the book is to present new constructive methods of delay differential equation (DDE) theory and to give readers practical tools for analysis, control design and simulating of linear systems with delays. Referred to as “systems with delays” in this volume, this class of differential equations is also called delay differential equations (DDE), time-delay systems, hereditary systems, and functional differential equations. Delay differential equations are widely used for describing and modeling various processes and systems in different applied problems At present there are effective control and numerical methods and corresponding software for analysis and simulating different classes of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and partial differential equations (PDE). There are many applications for these types of equations, because of this progress, but there are not as many methodologies in systems with delays that are easily applicable for the engineer or applied mathematician. there are no methods of finding solutions in explicit forms, and there is an absence of generally available general-purpose software packages for simulating such systems. Systems with Delays fills this void and provides easily applicable methods for engineers, mathematicians, and scientists to work with delay differential equations in their operations and research.

Hysterisis is a system property that is fundamental to a range of engineering applications as the components of systems with hysterisis are able to react differently to different forces applied to them. Control theory is used to model these complex systems and cause them to behave in the desired manner; the Bouc-Wen model is a well-known semi-physical model that is used extensively to describe the hysterisis of systems in the areas of smart structures and civil engineering. The Bouc-Wen model for system hysterisis has increased in popularity due to its capability of capturing in an analytical form a range of shapes of hysteretic cycles that match the behaviour of a wide class of hysteretic systems. “Systems with Hysterisis: Analysis, Identification and Control using the Bouc-Wen Model” deals with the analysis, identification and control of these systems, and offers a comprehensive and self-contained framework for the study of the Bouc-Wen model. Includes the latest techniques for modelling smart structures and materials Provides a rigorous mathematical treatment of the subject along with practical comments, numerical solutions and a case study of magentorheological (MR) dampers. Begins by analysing the compatibility of the Bouc-Wen model with the laws of physics, and continues to cover the relationship between the model parameters and hysterisis loop, identification of the model parameters and control of systems that include a hysteretic part described by the Bouc-Wen model. Includes case studies covering the identification and control of smart material transducers for use in automotive, aerospace and structural control Systems with Hysterisis: Analysis, Identification and Control using the Bouc-Wen Model offers an invaluable source of ideas, concepts and insights for engineers, researchers, lecturers and senior/ postgraduate students involved in the research, design and development of smart structures and related areas within civil and mechanical engineering. It will also be of interest to readers involved in the wider disciplines of electrical & control engineering, applied mathematics, applied physics and material science.

A comprehensive guide to the modelling and design of solid oxide fuel cell hybrid power plants This book explores all technical aspects of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid systems and proposes solutions to a range of technical problems that can arise from component integration. Following a general introduction to the state-of-the-art in SOFC hybrid systems, the authors focus on fuel cell technology, including the components required to operate with standard fuels. Micro-gas turbine (mGT) technology for hybrid systems is discussed, with special attention given to issues related to the coupling of SOFCs with mGTs. Throughout the book emphasis is placed on dynamic issues, including control systems used to avoid risk conditions. With an eye to mitigating the high costs and risks incurred with the building and use of prototype hybrid systems, the authors demonstrate a proven, economically feasible approach to obtaining important experimental results using simplified plants that simulate both generic and detailed system-level behaviour using emulators. Computational models and experimental plants are developed to support the analysis of SOFC hybrid systems, including models appropriate for design, development and performance analysis at both component and system levels. Presents models for a range of size units, technology variations, unit coupling dynamics and start-up and shutdown behaviours Focuses on SOFCs integration with mGTs in light of key constraints and risk avoidance issues under steady-state conditions and during transient operations Identifies interaction and coupling problems within the GT/SOFC environment, including exergy analysis and optimization Demonstrates an economical approach to obtaining important experimental results while avoiding high-cost components and risk conditions Presents analytical/computational and experimental tools for the efficient design and development of hardware and software systems Hybrid Systems Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Modelling and Design is a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers involved in fuel cell fundamentals, design and development. It is also an excellent reference for academic researchers and advanced-level students exploring fuel cell technology.

Covers both holonomic and non-holonomic constraints in a study of the mechanics of the constrained rigid body. Covers all types of general constraints applicable to the solid rigid Performs calculations in matrix form Provides algorithms for the numerical calculations for each type of constraint Includes solved numerical examples Accompanied by a website hosting programs

Near field communication (NFC) can appear to be a simple intuitive technology for exchanging data between close devices. In reality, these contactless structures that combine components and antennas must respect important and specific working constraints. Illustrated by a number of detailed technological examples, this book discusses the multiple normative (ISO, CEN, NFC Forum, EMVCo, etc.) and regulatory (ERC, FCC, ETSI, radiofrequency, private and ecological pollution, etc.) constraints, as well as the applied, typological, functional, structural, environmental or interoperability constraints that a NFC device might face. Design Constraints for NFC Devices also presents techniques that enable us to free ourselves from the technological constraints of current NFC operations encountered in banking, public transport, administration, automotive, industrial, communicating object and Internet of Things applications.

Up-to-date coverage of the cutting-edge research on UWB Systems with Multiple Antennas In this book, the authors investigate the benefits of combining UWB and MIMO technologies; highlighting five aspects of this promising research field: channel capacity, space-time coding, beamforming and localization, time-reversal transmission, and UWB-MIMO relay. The book presents a systematic and in-depth discussion for each of the hot topics, providing an insight into the cutting-edge research currently undertaken. It is expected that the ideas and approaches illustrated in this book will inspire sparks for the emerging technologies in short-range high data-rate wireless communications and other related applications. Key Features: Provides a thorough coverage combining the UWB and MIMO, outlining the opportunities and benefits created by the combination of these technologies Highlights five aspects of this promising research field: channel capacity, space-time coding, beamforming and localization, time-reversal transmission, and UWB-MIMO relay Covers UWB-MIMO channel measurement and models This book will serve as an invaluable reference for academic and professional researchers in wireless communications, and graduate students. Engineers and technical professionals will also find the book insightful

Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes From establishing the absolute age of the Earth to providing a stronger understanding of the nexus between geology and life, the careful measurement and quantitative interpretation of minor variations in the isotopic composition of Earth’s materials has provided profound insight into the origins and workings of our planet. Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes presents examples of the application of numerous different isotope systems to address a wide range of topical problems in Earth system science. Volume highlights include: examination of the natural fractionation of non-traditional stable isotopes utilizing isotopes to understand the origin of magmas and evolution of volcanic systems application of isotopes to interrogate and understand Earth’s Carbon and Oxygen cycles examination of the geochemical and hydrologic processes that lead to isotopic fractionation application of isotopic reactive transport models to decipher hydrologic and biogeochemical processes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Most books in reliability theory are dealing with a description of component and system states as binary: functioning or failed. However, many systems are composed of multi-state components with different performance levels and several failure modes. There is a great need in a series of applications to have a more refined description of these states, for instance, the amount of power generated by an electrical power generation system or the amount of gas that can be delivered through an offshore gas pipeline network. This book provides a descriptive account of various types of multistate system, bound-for multistate systems, probabilistic modeling of monitoring and maintenance of multistate systems with components along with examples of applications. Key Features: Looks at modern multistate reliability theory with applications covering a refined description of components and system states. Presents new research, such as Bayesian assessment of system availabilities and measures of component importance. Complements the methodological description with two substantial case studies. Reliability engineers and students involved in the field of reliability, applied mathematics and probability theory will benefit from this book.

Bohdan W. Oppenheim has pulled together experience-based insights of experts across industry, government, and academia into a comprehensive sourcebook for lean systems engineering principles and practices. This book can educate those new to lean engineering, as well as provide new insights and enablers that best-in-class organizations will want to adopt. —Dr. Donna H. Rhodes, Principal Research Scientist, SEAri and LAI, Massachusetts Institute of Technology «Lean for Systems Engineering is targeted at the practitioner who is trying to make systems engineering more effective in her or his organization or program, yet its scholarly underpinnings make the text very suitable for teachers. Educators and trainers who wish to weave lean thinking into their systems engineering curriculum will find this an invaluable text.» —Earll M. Murman, Ford Professor of Engineering Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology "At last, a book that distills years of research and scholarly inquiry into a concise and coherent form for both the student and practitioner. This book will become the favored guide and 'must read' for any engineer and manager trying to establish and maintain lean practices and principles in their systems engineering/product development processes. —J. Robert Wirthlin, PhD, Lt. Col., USAF, Program Director of the Graduate Research and Development Management Program, Air Force Institute of Technology Visiting Faculty, U.S. Air Force Center for Systems Engineering «A vital contribution to linking lean practices to systems engineering. I will definitely use it as a reference for my course and writings on a value approach to product and system development.» —Dr. Stanley I. Weiss, Consulting Professor, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University «Taking the opportunity to develop and refine the Lean Enablers for Systems Engineering provided clear direction for Lean Engineering Accelerated Planning at Rockwell Collins. The Lean Enablers form a solid basis for Lean Product Development. Following this checklist and methodology promotes Lean value and waste elimination—and commonsense best practices.» —Deborah A. Secor, Principal Project Manager and Lean Master, Rockwell Collins «Bo Oppenheim has been at the forefront of lean systems engineering for the better part of the last decade…An ardent advocate of lean systems engineering, the author has offered an honest appraisal of where lean systems engineering stands today. Practitioners interested in lean systems engineering will find the Lean Enablers especially useful.»– Azad M. Madni, PhD, Professor and Director, SAE Program, Viterbi School of Engineering; Professor, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California

In control theory, sliding mode control (SMC) is a nonlinear control method that alters the dynamics of a nonlinear system by application of a discontinuous control signal that forces the system to slide along a cross-section of the system's normal behaviour. In recent years, SMC has been successfully applied to a wide variety of practical engineering systems including robot manipulators, aircraft, underwater vehicles, spacecraft, flexible space structures, electrical motors, power systems, and automotive engines. Sliding Mode Control of Uncertain Parameter-Switching Hybrid Systems addresses the increasing demand for developing SMC technologies and comprehensively presents the new, state-of-the-art sliding mode control methodologies for uncertain parameter-switching hybrid systems. It establishes a unified framework for SMC of Markovian jump singular systems and proposes new SMC methodologies based on the analysis results. A series of problems are solved with new approaches for analysis and synthesis of switched hybrid systems, including stability analysis and stabilization, dynamic output feedback control, and SMC. A set of newly developed techniques (e.g. average dwell time, piecewise Lyapunov function, parameter-dependent Lyapunov function, cone complementary linearization) are exploited to handle the emerging mathematical/computational challenges. Key features: Covers new concepts, new models and new methodologies with theoretical significance in system analysis and control synthesis Includes recent advances in Markovian jump systems, switched hybrid systems, singular systems, stochastic systems and time-delay systems Includes solved problems Introduces advanced techniques Sliding Mode Control of Uncertain Parameter-Switching Hybrid Systems is a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners working in control engineering, system sciences and applied mathematics, and is also a useful source of information for senior undergraduate and graduates studying in these areas.