Interpreting Evidence

The Art and Science of Interpreting Market Research Evidence offers a complete account of the way today's researchers interpret evidence and apply it to decision making. David Smith and Jonathan Fletcher show how to assess your current deciphering processes, and present an innovative framework integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches for analysing complex data-sets. With its holistic approach to interpretation and its 10-step process for making it work in practice, this book will equip you with a deep understanding of data analysis and ultimately improve your judgment to produce better business decisions. «This is modern commercial research, where the mind of the researcher is finally acknowledged as admissible data. Prior knowledge, pragmatism, experience are all robust grist to the 'holistic' research mill. A must-read for anyone getting to grips with 21st century market research.» Virginia Valentine, Semiotic Solutions

Lung function assessment is the central pillar of modern respiratory diagnosis, providing invaluable information to assist in clinical decision making and management strategies.Interpreting Lung Function Tests: A Step-by Step Guide is a practical “how-to” training manual, which provides the reader with the necessary skills to interpret lung function test results, and to write a concise and informative report on the outcome. Interpreting Lung Function Tests: A Step-by Step Guide provides unique guidance on the reporting of pulmonary function tests, including illustrative cases and sample reports. utilizes the many references available on interpretation of lung function and provides a teaching/reference tool for report writing of lung function results routinely performed in clinical practice. provides the reader with the skill to interpret and write a concise, yet informative report provides examples of results and written reports (with commentary where necessary as further explanation). focuses primarily on tests performed as part of routine clinical testing: spirometry, static lung volumes, gas transfer, bronchial provocation tests, and maximal respiratory pressures. Interpreting Lung Function Tests: A Step-by Step Guideis a superb new resource to educate medical students, junior doctors, family physicians, as well as advanced trainee physicians specializing in respiratory medicine, respiratory scientists, and respiratory physicians

This manual helps clinicians easily to find the best available evidence to facilitate sound medical decisions. It is the first published compilation of highly relevant InfoPOEMs that the editors believe has the potential to change a clinician's practice. The editors have selected over 300 of the most influential, compelling POEMs, and organized them by topic for easy reference. Each POEM contains: Clinical Question: Poses a question that the study seeks to answer. Bottom line: Summarizes the findings of the research and places these findings into the context with the known information on the topic. The bottom line also is designed to help readers understand how to apply the results. LOE: Each review is given a Level of Evidence indicator. This allows the reader to discern an overall sense of how well the new information is supported. Reference: Displays the citation of the article being reviewed. Study Design: Identifies the procedures of the study (i.e., Meta-Analysis, randomized controlled trial). Setting: Identifies the environment in which the study took place (i.e., outpatient, inpatient). Synopsis: Provides a brief overview of the study design and results, but is not an abstract. The editors have pulled out only the most important information – the materials that readers need to judge the validity of the research and to understand the results. The manual opens with two complementary, original chapters: 1) Introduction to Information Mastery which covers the skills physicians need to practice the best medicine. 2) An Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine that reviews the key concepts and principles behind this practice model.

Evidence based practice is now widely accepted as a fundamental tenet of midwifery. The importance of evidence in defining midwifery policy and practice in the UK health system, and others, is acknowledged and enduring. While the development and evaluation of research in midwifery is well charted, the question of how such evidence is incorporated into practice has, to date, received less attention and discussion in the midwifery profession. Answering this need, Evidence Based Midwifery focuses on the dissemination and use of evidence for midwifery practice, and explores midwives’ experiences in using the evidence base to inform policy and enhance clinical practice. Written by a highly-regarded and diverse group from the UK and international midwifery community, Evidence Based Midwifery addresses issues of relevance to all midwives whether clinical practitioners or educators, students or supervisors, researchers or managers. Issues that influence evidence based midwifery are discussed, and topics covered include problem based learning, implementation of evidence based guidelines and the involvement of service users. Edited by founder members of the Evidence Based Midwifery Network International collaboration with contributions from the UK, Greece, Canada and the Netherlands Primary focus on the incorporation of evidence into midwifery practice Real-life examples throughout

What is evidence-based nursing? Simply, it is the application of valid, relevant, and research-based information in nurse decision-making. Used effectively, evidence-based nursing methods can be used to dramatically enhance patient care and improve outcomes. Evidence-based Nursing is a practical guide to evidence-based nursing for students and practitioners. Proceeding step-by-step, it enables nurses to understand and evaluate the different types of evidence that are available, and to critically appraise the studies that lay behind them. It also considers the ways in which these findings can be implemented in clinical practice, and how research can be practically applied to clinical-decision making. Easy to use step-by-step approach Explores all aspects of the evidence-based nursing process Includes updates of popular articles from Evidence-based Nursing Examines dissemination and implementation of research findings in clinical practice Includes clinical scenarios Chapters include learning exercises to aid understanding Evidence-based Nursing is a vital resource for students and practitioners wanting to learn more about research based nursing methods.

Evidence-based practice is an idea whose time has come. Few concepts can have achieved the status of unchallengeable common sense in such a short space of time, and across such a broad range of professional activity. As yet there have been few opportunities to take stock and reflect on the evidence for evidence-based practice, or the implications of its adoption. How effective or feasible is it in medicine? Is it really different? What are the consequences of not basing practice on research? Can evidence-based practice be used in non-clinical settings, where practitioners must deal with the complexity of multi-problem individuals, families and organizations? This text introduces the key concept of Evidence-Based Practice and accounts for its emergence and rapid expansion within and beyond medicine. It then goes on to describe how evidence-based practice is being translated in key areas (medicine, nursing, mental health education and social welfare) while critically appraising the strengths and weaknesses of evidence-based practice as it applies in a range of fields of professional practice.

High-quality evidence is the foundation for effective treatment in medicine. As the vast amount of published medical evidence continues to grow, concerns about the quality of many studies are increasing.  Evidence in Medicine  is a much-needed resource that addresses the ‘medical misinformation mess’ by assessing the flaws in the research environment. This authoritative text identifies and summarises the many factors that have produced the current problems in medical research, including bias in randomised controlled trials, questionable research practices, falsified data, manipulated findings, and more.  This volume brings together the findings from meta-research studies and systematic reviews to explore the quality of clinical trials and other medical research, explaining the character and consequences of poor-quality medical evidence using clear language and a wealth of supporting references. The text suggests planning strategies to transform the research process and provides an extensive list of the actions that could be taken by researchers, regulators, and other key stakeholders to address defects in medical evidence. This timely volume:  Enables readers to select reliable studies and recognise misleading research Highlights the main types of biased and wasted studies Discusses how incentives in the research environment influence the quality of evidence Identifies the problems researchers need to guard against in their work Describes the scale of poor-quality research and explores why the problems are widespread Includes a summary of key findings on poor-quality research and a listing of proposed initiatives to improve research evidence Contains extensive citations to references, reviews, commentaries, and landmark studies  Evidence in Medicine  is required reading for all researchers who create evidence, funders and publishers of medical research, students who conduct their own research studies, and healthcare practitioners wanting to deliver high-quality, evidence-based care.

This lively handbook on the fundamentals of Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) leads the reader, step by step, through a process that proceeds from a patient’s medical history, via information searches and critical appraisal of the literature, to recommendations for treatment. Using a simple four-step approach, the author illustrates how to develop better questions and more effective searches, resulting in objective and clinically relevant information that can be evaluated and implemented in day-to-day practice. Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson, the famous fictional detectives, assist throughout, drawing parallels between criminal and medical investigation, and simplifying the processes and themes of EBM. Evidence-Based Medicine in Sherlock Holmes’ Footsteps is a concise, accessible and instructive introduction to EBM for medical students, health care trainees, doctors and allied health professionals, and a valuable resource for anyone wanting to improve their ability to search, access and interpret the wealth of information at the fingertips of today’s medical community.

Evidence-Based Neonatal Infections is expertly written by David Isaacs, an experienced author renowned for his knowledge in both pediatric infections and evidence-based medicine. It critically analyses the evidence for decision making in neonatal infections. Evidence-Based Neonatal Infections * The first evidence-based text on neonatal infections * Provides practical guidance where evidence is poor * Complements David Isaacs’ Evidence-Based Pediatric Infectious Diseases (9781405148580) Practical and evidence-based, Evidence-Based Neonatal Infections is designed to help the clinician with day-to-day decisions on the care of newborn babies with possible, probable or proven infections. It considers clinical questions relevant to neonatologists, analysing the evidence carefully and providing recommendations for optimum management of neonatal infectious diseases, whilst reflecting on: Efficacy and safety Antibiotic resistance Cost effectiveness Adverse effects Ethical considerations Evidence-Based Neonatal Infections provides a unique reference for neonatologists, pediatricians, trainees, specialist nurses; general practitioners, microbiologists, infection control doctors, and all staff in neonatal units.