Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers

This book is a contemporary overview of selected topics in fiber optics. It focuses on the latest research results on light wave manipulation using nonlinear optical fibers, with the aim of capturing some of the most innovative developments on this topic. The book’s scope covers both fundamentals and applications from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, with topics including linear and nonlinear effects, pulse propagation phenomena and pulse shaping, solitons and rogue waves, novel optical fibers, supercontinuum generation, polarization management, optical signal processing, fiber lasers, optical wave turbulence, light propagation in disordered fiber media, and slow and fast light. With contributions from leading-edge scientists in the field of nonlinear photonics and fiber optics, they offer an overview of the latest advances in their own research area. The listing of recent research papers at the end of each chapter is useful for researchers using the book as a reference. As the book addresses fundamental and practical photonics problems, it will also be of interest to, and benefit, broader academic communities, including areas such as nonlinear science, applied mathematics and physics, and optical engineering. It offers the reader a wide and critical overview of the state-of-the-art within this practical – as well as fundamentally important and interesting – area of modern science, providing a useful reference which will encourage further research and advances in the field.

By recirculating light in a nonlinear propagation medium, the nonlinear optical cavity allows for countless options of light transformation and manipulation. In passive media, optical bistability and frequency conversion are central figures. In active media, laser light can be generated with versatile underlying dynamics. Emphasizing on ultrafast dynamics, the vital arena for the information technology, the soliton is a common conceptual keyword, thriving into its modern developments with the closely related denominations of dissipative solitons and cavity solitons. Recent technological breakthroughs in optical cavities, from micro-resonators to ultra-long fiber cavities, have entitled the exploration of nonlinear optical dynamics over unprecedented spatial and temporal orders of magnitude. By gathering key contributions by renowned experts, this book aims at bridging the gap between recent research topics with a view to foster cross-fertilization between research areas and stimulating creative optical engineering design.

This clear and self-contained review of the last four decades of research highlights in the hot field of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, particularly of borate-based ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet NLO crystals, covers three major subjects: the structure-property relationship in borate crystals, the structural and optical characteristics of various promising borate crystals, and their fruitful applications in a wide range of scientific and technological fields. Edited by the discoverers and users of these optical borate crystals, this is a readily accessible reading for semiconductor, applied and solid state physicists, materials scientists, solid state chemists, manufacturers of optoelectronic devices, and those working in the optical industry.

Polymer photonics is an interdisciplinary field which demands excellence both in optics (photonics) and materials science (polymer). However, theses disciplines have developed independently, and therefore the demand for a comprehensive work featuring the fundamentals of photonic polymers is greater than ever. This volume focuses on Polymer Optical Fiber and their applications. The first part of the book introduces typical optical fibers according to their classifications of material, propagating mode, and structure. Optical properties, the high bandwidth POF and transmission loss are discussed, followed by an outline on the propagating mode characteristics and how they affect the performances of the fiber. The second part of the book reviews conventional materials of POFs and gives an overview on fabrication methods. This is followed by a survey of characterization methods. Based on the characteristics of optical communication systems, the last chapter will concentrate on the many advantages of POF in link and network design. Written by a top expert in the field, this is an invaluable resource for semiconductor physicists, materials scientists, polymer chemists, electrical engineers, and those working in the semiconductor industry.

This book provides researchers and engineers in the imaging field with the skills they need to effectively deal with nonlinear inverse problems associated with different imaging modalities, including impedance imaging, optical tomography, elastography, and electrical source imaging. Focusing on numerically implementable methods, the book bridges the gap between theory and applications, helping readers tackle problems in applied mathematics and engineering. Complete, self-contained coverage includes basic concepts, models, computational methods, numerical simulations, examples, and case studies. Provides a step-by-step progressive treatment of topics for ease of understanding. Discusses the underlying physical phenomena as well as implementation details of image reconstruction algorithms as prerequisites for finding solutions to non linear inverse problems with practical significance and value. Includes end of chapter problems, case studies and examples with solutions throughout the book. Companion website will provide further examples and solutions, experimental data sets, open problems, teaching material such as PowerPoint slides and software including MATLAB m files. Essential reading for Graduate students and researchers in imaging science working across the areas of applied mathematics, biomedical engineering, and electrical engineering and specifically those involved in nonlinear imaging techniques, impedance imaging, optical tomography, elastography, and electrical source imaging

This book provides a user-friendly, hands-on introduction to the Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling (NONMEM) system, the most powerful tool for pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic analysis. • Introduces requisite background to using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling (NONMEM), covering data requirements, model building and evaluation, and quality control aspects • Provides examples of nonlinear modeling concepts and estimation basics with discussion on the model building process and applications of empirical Bayesian estimates in the drug development environment • Includes detailed chapters on data set structure, developing control streams for modeling and simulation, model applications, interpretation of NONMEM output and results, and quality control • Has datasets, programming code, and practice exercises with solutions, available on a supplementary website

Exact analytical solutions to periodic motions in nonlinear dynamical systems are almost not possible. Since the 18th century, one has extensively used techniques such as perturbation methods to obtain approximate analytical solutions of periodic motions in nonlinear systems. However, the perturbation methods cannot provide the enough accuracy of analytical solutions of periodic motions in nonlinear dynamical systems. So the bifurcation trees of periodic motions to chaos cannot be achieved analytically. The author has developed an analytical technique that is more effective to achieve periodic motions and corresponding bifurcation trees to chaos analytically. Toward Analytical Chaos in Nonlinear Systems systematically presents a new approach to analytically determine periodic flows to chaos or quasi-periodic flows in nonlinear dynamical systems with/without time-delay. It covers the mathematical theory and includes two examples of nonlinear systems with/without time-delay in engineering and physics. From the analytical solutions, the routes from periodic motions to chaos are developed analytically rather than the incomplete numerical routes to chaos. The analytical techniques presented will provide a better understanding of regularity and complexity of periodic motions and chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems. Key features: Presents the mathematical theory of analytical solutions of periodic flows to chaos or quasieriodic flows in nonlinear dynamical systems Covers nonlinear dynamical systems and nonlinear vibration systems Presents accurate, analytical solutions of stable and unstable periodic flows for popular nonlinear systems Includes two complete sample systems Discusses time-delayed, nonlinear systems and time-delayed, nonlinear vibrational systems Includes real world examples Toward Analytical Chaos in Nonlinear Systems is a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners across engineering, mathematics and physics disciplines, and is also a useful source of information for graduate and senior undergraduate students in these areas.

Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, physicists and mathematicians and many other scientists because most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. As nonlinear equations are difficult to solve, nonlinear systems are commonly approximated by linear equations. This works well up to some accuracy and some range for the input values, but some interesting phenomena such as chaos and singularities are hidden by linearization and perturbation analysis. It follows that some aspects of the behavior of a nonlinear system appear commonly to be chaotic, unpredictable or counterintuitive. Although such a chaotic behavior may resemble a random behavior, it is absolutely deterministic. Analytical Routes to Chaos in Nonlinear Engineering discusses analytical solutions of periodic motions to chaos or quasi-periodic motions in nonlinear dynamical systems in engineering and considers engineering applications, design, and control. It systematically discusses complex nonlinear phenomena in engineering nonlinear systems, including the periodically forced Duffing oscillator, nonlinear self-excited systems, nonlinear parametric systems and nonlinear rotor systems. Nonlinear models used in engineering are also presented and a brief history of the topic is provided. Key features: Considers engineering applications, design and control Presents analytical techniques to show how to find the periodic motions to chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems Systematically discusses complex nonlinear phenomena in engineering nonlinear systems Presents extensively used nonlinear models in engineering Analytical Routes to Chaos in Nonlinear Engineering is a practical reference for researchers and practitioners across engineering, mathematics and physics disciplines, and is also a useful source of information for graduate and senior undergraduate students in these areas.

Nonlinear Acoustic Waves in Micro-inhomogeneous Solids covers the broad and dynamic branch of nonlinear acoustics, presenting a wide variety of different phenomena from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. The introductory chapters, written in the style of graduate-level textbook, present a review of the main achievements of classic nonlinear acoustics of homogeneous media. This enables readers to gain insight into nonlinear wave processes in homogeneous and micro-inhomogeneous solids and compare it within the framework of the book. The subsequent eight chapters covering: Physical models and mechanisms of the structure nonlinearity of micro-inhomogeneous media with cracks and cavities; Elastic waves in media with strong acoustic nonlinearity; Wave processes in micro-inhomogeneous media with hysteretic nonlinearity; Wave processes in nonlinear micro-inhomogeneous media with relaxation; Wave processes in the polycrystalline solids with dissipative and elastic nonlinearity caused by dislocations; Experimental studies of the nonlinear acoustic phenomena in polycrystalline rocks and metals; Experimental studies of nonlinear acoustic phenomena in granular media; and Nonlinear phenomena in seismic waves are dedicated to the theoretical and experimental research of nonlinear processes, caused by longitudinal elastic waves propagation and interaction in the micro-inhomogeneous media with a strong acoustical nonlinearity of different types (elastic, hysteretic, bimodular, elastic quadratic and non-elastic). This valuable monograph is intended for graduate students and researchers in applied physics, mechanical engineering, and applied mathematics, as well as those working in a wide spectrum of disciplines in materials science.

This landmark book deals with nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) and nonlinear mode localization. Offers an analysis which enables the study of various nonlinear phenomena having no counterpart in linear theory. On a more theoretical level, the concept of NNMs will be shown to provide an excellent framework for understanding a variety of distinctively nonlinear phenomena such as mode bifurcations and standing or traveling solitary waves.