Performance of Valuation Methods in Financial Transactions

This book presents the main valuation approaches that can be used to value financial institutions. By sketching 1) the different business models of banks (both commercial and investment banks) and insurance companies (life, property and casualty and reinsurance); 2) the structure and peculiarities of financial institutions’ reporting and financial statements; and 3) the main features of regulatory capital frameworks for banking and insurance (ie Basel III, Solvency II), the book addresses why such elements make the valuation of financial institutions different from the valuation of non-financial companies. The book then features the valuation models that can be used to determine the value of banks and insurance companies including the Discounted Cash Flow, Dividend Discount Model, and Residual Income Model (with the appropriate estimation techniques for the cost of capital and cash flow in financial industries). The main techniques to perform the relative valuation of financial institutions are then presented: along the traditional multiples (P/E, P/BV, P/TBV, P/NAV), the multiples based on industry-specific value drivers are discussed (for example, P/Pre Provision Profit, P/Deposits, P/Premiums, P/Number of branches). Further valuation tools such as the “Value Maps” or the “Warranted Equity Method” will be explained and discussed. The closing section of the book will briefly focus on the valuation of specific financial companies/vehicles such as closed-end funds, private equity funds, leasing companies, etc.

Valuation for Financial Reporting: Intangible Assets, Goodwill, and Impairment Analysis provides guidance and insight in the identification and measurement of intangible assets and goodwill pursuant to the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141, Business Combinations and (SFAS) No. 142 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The new rules are sweeping and complex. Valuation for Financial Reporting will bring clarity to CFOs, auditors, valuation professionals, and CPAs by explaining the valuation aspects of the new financial reporting requirements, including how to identify the characteristics of goodwill and intangible assets, determine if impairment has occurred, and employ specific methods to assess the financial impact of such impairment. While numerous articles and commentaries on the subject have appeared dating back to the time the FASB began considering the issue, Valuation for Financial Reporting is the first to provide «real world» examples of the valuation techniques and methodologies required to perform a purchase price allocation under SFAS No. 141 and an impairment study under SFAS No. 142. Valuation for Financial Reporting will help lift the veil of mystery surrounding these two important pronouncements and provide a practical guide for their implementation. This book: * Shows the CPA and client how to apply the new SFAS 141 rules that pertain to all companies involved in an acquisition (buyer or seller) by analyzing and valuing the tangible and intangible assets acquired. * Teaches the CPA and client how to apply the new SFAS 142 rules that pertain to all companies that recognize and measure intangible assets and goodwill which may now be impaired * Presents detailed case studies and examples on how to apply and implement SFAS 141 and SFAS 142 * Provides a «How To» on the identification and measurement of intangible assets. * Includes a checklist for controlling the gathering of data necessary for the analyses and another checklist guiding the work program for methodologies * Offers guidance and examples for financial reporting purposes.

Essential procedures for the measurement and reporting of fair value in Financial statements Trusted specialists Michael Mard, James Hitchner, and Steven Hyden present reliable and thorough guidelines, case studies, implementation aids, and sample reports for managers, auditors, and valuators who must comply with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Nos. 141, Business Combinations; 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets; 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets; and the new 157, Fair Value Measurements. This important guide: * Explains the new valuation aspects now required by SFAS No. 157 * Presents the new definition of fair value and certain empirical research * Distinguishes fair value from fair market value * Provides a case study that measures the fair values of intangible assets and goodwill under SFAS Nos. 141 and 157 * Includes a detailed case study that tests the impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets and measures the financial impact of such impairment under SFAS Nos. 142 and 144 * Cross-references and reconciles the valuation industry's reporting standards among all of the valuation organizations * Includes two sample valuation reports, one of which is a new USPAP- compliant PowerPoint? presentation format * Includes implementation aids for controlling the gathering of data necessary for analyses and for guiding the valuation work program

The world of quantitative finance (QF) is one of the fastest growing areas of research and its practical applications to derivatives pricing problem. Since the discovery of the famous Black-Scholes equation in the 1970's we have seen a surge in the number of models for a wide range of products such as plain and exotic options, interest rate derivatives, real options and many others. Gone are the days when it was possible to price these derivatives analytically. For most problems we must resort to some kind of approximate method. In this book we employ partial differential equations (PDE) to describe a range of one-factor and multi-factor derivatives products such as plain European and American options, multi-asset options, Asian options, interest rate options and real options. PDE techniques allow us to create a framework for modeling complex and interesting derivatives products. Having defined the PDE problem we then approximate it using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). This method has been used for many application areas such as fluid dynamics, heat transfer, semiconductor simulation and astrophysics, to name just a few. In this book we apply the same techniques to pricing real-life derivative products. We use both traditional (or well-known) methods as well as a number of advanced schemes that are making their way into the QF literature: Crank-Nicolson, exponentially fitted and higher-order schemes for one-factor and multi-factor options Early exercise features and approximation using front-fixing, penalty and variational methods Modelling stochastic volatility models using Splitting methods Critique of ADI and Crank-Nicolson schemes; when they work and when they don't work Modelling jumps using Partial Integro Differential Equations (PIDE) Free and moving boundary value problems in QF Included with the book is a CD containing information on how to set up FDM algorithms, how to map these algorithms to C++ as well as several working programs for one-factor and two-factor models. We also provide source code so that you can customize the applications to suit your own needs.

The appropriate, defensible way to prepare and present business valuations, with a strong emphasis on applications and models Financial Valuation provides an all-encompassing valuation tome that presents the application of financial valuation theory in an easily understood manner. Delivering valuation theory, the consensus view on application, and the tools to make it happen, James Hitchner?s all-star cast of contributors offer numerous examples, checklists, and models to assist in navigating a valuation project. The book contains hundreds of short, easily understandable «Valuation Tips,» and covers best practices from the view of these twenty-five experts.

A practically-focused resource for business valuation professionals Financial Valuation: Applications and Models provides authoritative reference and practical guidance on the appropriate, defensible way to prepare and present business valuations. With contributions by 30 top experts in the field, this new fourth edition provides an essential resource for those seeking the most up-to-date guidance, with a strong emphasis on applications and models. Coverage includes state-of-the-art methods for the valuation of closely-held businesses, nonpublic entities, intangible, and other assets, with comprehensive discussion on valuation theory, a consensus view on application, and the tools to make it happen. Packed with examples, checklists, and models to help you navigate your valuation project, this book also provides hundreds of expert «tips» and best practices in clear, easy-to-follow language. The companion website provides access to extensive appendix materials, and the perspectives of valuation thought-leaders add critical insight throughout each step of the process. Valuation is an important part of any organization's overall financial strategy, and seemingly-small inaccuracies or incomplete assessments can have big repercussions. This book walks you through the valuation process to give you the skills and understanding you need to get it done right. Learn best practices from 30 field-leading experts Follow clear examples for complex or unfamiliar scenarios Access practical tools that streamline the valuation process Understand valuation models and real-world applications The business valuation process can become very complex very quickly, and there's no substitute for clear guidance and a delineated framework in the run-up to completion. Get organized from the beginning, and be systematic and methodical every step of the way. Financial Valuation: Applications and Models is the all-encompassing, expert guide to business valuation projects.

Praise for Financial Valuation «This Second Edition addresses virtually all of the recent hot topics in business valuation, and there are many of them since the first edition. Most chapters are updated with new material, including, especially, the Duff & Phelps Risk Premium Report as an alternative to Ibbotson's risk premium data. As with the first edition, the authors are very well-known and provide incisive analysis.» –Shannon Pratt, CFA, FASA, MCBA, CM&AA, CEO, Shannon Pratt Valuations, LLC «Though the first edition of Mr. Hitchner's book was excellent in all regards, this Second Edition squarely puts Hitchner and his team of authors at the top of the list of authorities in the field of business valuation. Few publications on the subject even come close to the book's thorough coverage of the topic, but equally impressive is the clarity with which Hitchner depicts and explains highly complex subject matters. So impressed with Financial Valuation Applications and Models, the National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts has developed a three-day course based upon this book entitled, 'Advanced Valuation and Case Study Workshop,' which is now a cornerstone training program for our organization.» –Parnell Black, MBA, CPA, CVA, Chief Executive Officer, NACVA «This book is a valuable resource for every BV library. It has material not covered in other BV books and this Second Edition has much more information than the first. Financial Valuation Applications and Models is the primary textbook for AICPA's business valuation education and it covers most of the topics on the test for the AICPA's Accredited in Business Valuation (ABV) credential. Its thirty authors are nationally respected practitioners who have written this book for practitioners. Many of the authors are current or former members of the AICPA Business Valuation Committee and the AICPA BV Hall of Fame.» –Michael A. Crain, CPA/ABV, ASA, CFA, CFE, Chair, AICPA Business Valuation Committee, Managing Director, The Financial Valuation Group «This book has a tremendous wealth of information that all valuation analysts must have in their libraries. From those just starting their careers to the most experienced practitioner, all valuation analysts will benefit from the invaluable information, ranging from fundamental practices to the most innovative economic and valuation ideas of today.» –Scott R. Saltzman, CPA, CVA, ASA, DABFA, Managing Member, Saltzman LLC; President, National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts Coauthors: Mel H. Abraham, R. James Alerding, Terry Jacoby Allen, Larry R. Cook, Michael A. Crain, Don M. Drysdale, Robert E. Duffy, Edward J. Dupke, Nancy J. Fannon, John R. Gilbert, Chris Hamilton, Thomas E. Hilton, James R. Hitchner, Steven D. Hyden, Gregory S. Koonsman, Mark G. Kucik, Eva M. Lang, Derald L. Lyons, Michael J. Mard, Harold G. Martin Jr., Michael Mattson, Edward F. Moran Jr., Raymond E. Moran, James S. Rigby Jr., Ronald L. Seigneur, Robin E. Taylor, Linda B. Trugman, Samuel Y. Wessinger, Don Wisehart, and Kevin R. Yeanoplos

A road map for implementing quantitative financial models Financial Derivative and Energy Market Valuation brings the application of financial models to a higher level by helping readers capture the true behavior of energy markets and related financial derivatives. The book provides readers with a range of statistical and quantitative techniques and demonstrates how to implement the presented concepts and methods in Matlab®. Featuring an unparalleled level of detail, this unique work provides the underlying theory and various advanced topics without requiring a prior high-level understanding of mathematics or finance. In addition to a self-contained treatment of applied topics such as modern Fourier-based analysis and affine transforms, Financial Derivative and Energy Market Valuation also: • Provides the derivation, numerical implementation, and documentation of the corresponding Matlab for each topic • Extends seminal works developed over the last four decades to derive and utilize present-day financial models • Shows how to use applied methods such as fast Fourier transforms to generate statistical distributions for option pricing • Includes all Matlab code for readers wishing to replicate the figures found throughout the book Thorough, practical, and easy to use, Financial Derivative and Energy Market Valuation is a first-rate guide for readers who want to learn how to use advanced numerical methods to implement and apply state-of-the-art financial models. The book is also ideal for graduate-level courses in quantitative finance, mathematical finance, and financial engineering.

A timely look at the healthcare valuation process in an era of dynamic healthcare reform, including theory, methodology, and professional standards In light of the dynamic nature of the healthcare industry sector, the analysis supporting business valuation engagements for healthcare enterprises, assets, and services must address the expected economic conditions and events resulting from the four pillars of the healthcare industry: Reimbursement, Regulation, Competition, and Technology. Healthcare Valuation presents specific attributes of each of these enterprises, assets, and services and how research needs and valuation processes differentiate depending on the subject of the appraisal, the environment the property interest exists, and the nature of the practices. Includes theory, methodology, and professional standards as well as requisite research, analytical, and reporting functions in delivering healthcare valuation services Provides useful process tools such as worksheets and checklists, relevant case studies, plus a website that will include comprehensive glossaries and topical bibliographies Read Healthcare Valuation for a comprehensive treatise of valuation issues in the healthcare field including trends of compensation and reimbursement, technology and intellectual property, and newly emerging healthcare entities.