Plant-Environment Interaction

Discover how to use HILIC to analyze and better understand polar compounds An increasingly popular analytical method, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has the ability to retain and separate polar compounds that are often difficult to analyze by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or other analytical methods. Offering a comprehensive review, this book enables readers to develop a fundamental understanding of how HILIC works and then apply that knowledge to develop and implement a variety of practical applications. Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography begins with discussions of HILIC retention mechanisms, stationary phases, and general method development. This sets the foundation for the book's extensive coverage of applications. The authors address unique separation challenges for bioanalytical, environmental, pharmaceutical, and biochemical applications. Moreover, there is a thorough discussion of HILIC in two-dimensional chromatography. With contributions from leading analytical scientists who have extensive experience in HILIC as well as HPLC, Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography serves as a practical guide for researchers, featuring: Detailed examples of HILIC methods and development approaches Thorough explanations of retention mechanisms and the impact of stationary phase and mobile phase properties on separations Step-by-step guidance for developing efficient, sensitive, and robust HILIC methods References to the primary literature at the end of each chapter Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography is written for scientists who use or develop analytical methods for the separation of polar compounds. In particular, these researchers will discover how HILIC can be used to analyze and better understand the composition of pharmaceutical, bioanalytical, biochemical, chemical, food, and environmental samples.

This unique reference source, edited by the world's most respected expert on molecular interaction field software, covers all relevant principles of the GRID force field and its applications in medicinal chemistry. Entire chapters on 3D-QSAR, pharmacophore searches, docking studies, metabolism predictions and protein selectivity studies, among others, offer a concise overview of this emerging field. As an added bonus, this handbook includes a CD-ROM with the latest commercial versions of the GRID program and related software.

Fluid-Structure Interaction: An Introduction to Finite Element Coupling fulfils the need for an introductive approach to the general concepts of Finite and Boundary Element Methods for FSI, from the mathematical formulation to the physical interpretation of numerical simulations. Based on the author’s experience in developing numerical codes for industrial applications in shipbuilding and in teaching FSI to both practicing engineers and within academia, it provides a comprehensive and self–contained guide that is geared toward both students and practitioners of mechanical engineering. Composed of six chapters, Fluid–Structure Interaction: An Introduction to Finite Element Coupling progresses logically from formulations and applications involving structure and fluid dynamics, fluid and structure interactions and opens to reduced order-modelling for vibro-acoustic coupling. The author describes simple yet fundamental illustrative examples in detail, using analytical and/or semi–analytical formulation & designed both to illustrate each numerical method and also to highlight a physical aspect of FSI. All proposed examples are simple enough to be computed by the reader using standard computational tools such as MATLAB, making the book a unique tool for self–learning and understanding the basics of the techniques for FSI, or can serve as verification and validation test cases of industrial FEM/BEM codes rendering the book valuable for code verification and validation purposes.

In light of the rapidity increasing incidence rate of bacterial and fungal infections with multi-resistant pathogens, the metabolic changes associated with host-pathogen interactions offer one of the most promising starting points for developing novel antibiotics. . Part one of this comprehensive guide describes the metabolic adaptation of pathogenic microbes in humans, while part two points to routes for the development of novel antibiotics. This is volume six of the book series on drug discovery in infectious diseases by Paul Selzer.

This book draws together the principal ideas that form the basis of atomic, molecular, and optical science and engineering. It covers the basics of atoms, diatomic molecules, atoms and molecules in static and electromagnetic fields and nonlinear optics. Exercises and bibliographies supplement each chapter, while several appendices present such important background information as physics and math definitions, atomic and molecular data, and tensor algebra. Accessible to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, or researchers who have been trained in one of the conventional curricula of physics, chemistry, or engineering but who need to acquire familiarity with adjacent areas in order to pursue their research goals.

The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.

This book presents theories and models to examine how humans interact with complex automated systems, including both empirical and theoretical methods. Provides examples of models appropriate to the four stages of human-system interaction Examines in detail the philosophical underpinnings and assumptions of modeling Discusses how a model fits into «doing science» and the considerations in garnering evidence and arriving at beliefs for the modeled phenomena Modeling Human-System Interaction is a reference for professionals in industry, academia and government who are researching, designing and implementing human-technology systems in transportation, communication, manufacturing, energy, and health care sectors.

Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications takes the reader from the fundamentals of computational fluid and solid mechanics to the state-of-the-art in computational FSI methods, special FSI techniques, and solution of real-world problems. Leading experts in the field present the material using a unique approach that combines advanced methods, special techniques, and challenging applications. This book begins with the differential equations governing the fluid and solid mechanics, coupling conditions at the fluid–solid interface, and the basics of the finite element method. It continues with the ALE and space–time FSI methods, spatial discretization and time integration strategies for the coupled FSI equations, solution techniques for the fully-discretized coupled equations, and advanced FSI and space–time methods. It ends with special FSI techniques targeting cardiovascular FSI, parachute FSI, and wind-turbine aerodynamics and FSI. Key features: First book to address the state-of-the-art in computational FSI Combines the fundamentals of computational fluid and solid mechanics, the state-of-the-art in FSI methods, and special FSI techniques targeting challenging classes of real-world problems Covers modern computational mechanics techniques, including stabilized, variational multiscale, and space–time methods, isogeometric analysis, and advanced FSI coupling methods Is in full color, with diagrams illustrating the fundamental concepts and advanced methods and with insightful visualization illustrating the complexities of the problems that can be solved with the FSI methods covered in the book. Authors are award winning, leading global experts in computational FSI, who are known for solving some of the most challenging FSI problems Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications is a comprehensive reference for researchers and practicing engineers who would like to advance their existing knowledge on these subjects. It is also an ideal text for graduate and senior-level undergraduate courses in computational fluid mechanics and computational FSI.

Get the updated guide to active and passive control systems for buildings. To capitalize on today's rapidly evolving, specialized technologies, architects, designers, builders, and contractors work together to plan the mechanical and electrical equipment that controls the indoor environment of a building. The Building Environment: Active and Passive Control Systems, Third Edition helps you take advantage of design innovations and construction strategies that maximize the comfort, safety, and energy efficiency of buildings. From active HVAC systems to passive methods, lighting to on-site power generation, this updated edition explains how to strategically plan for and incorporate effective, efficient systems in today's buildings. It covers the underlying thermal theories and thermodynamic principles and focuses on design that enhances the building environment and minimizes the impact on the world's environment. The Building Environment goes beyond the ABCs of HVAC and covers: On-site power generation, including wind turbines, solar photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, and more. Plumbing systems, fire protection, signal systems, conveying systems, and architectural acoustics. Procedures and/or formulas for performing heat loss, heat gain, and energy use calculations, determining the rate of heat flow, calculating solar energy utilization, doing load calculations, and more. Details on the latest building codes and standards references. New information on the sustainable design of building systems and energy efficiency, including new technologies. The latest thinking and data on a building's impact on the environment, indoor air quality, and «sick building syndrome.» Design economics, including the payback period, life-cycle cost, comparative value analysis, and building commissioning. A practical on-the-job tool for architects, designers, builders, engineers, contractors, and other specialists, this Third Edition is also a great reference for architecture students who will lead tomorrow's design teams.

Understanding the play between heredity and environment, and relating it to disease causation, is the task of ecogenetics. Gene-Environment Interactions: Fundamentals of Ecogenetics presents the first comprehensive survey of this discipline, reflecting its relationship with toxicology, epidemiology, pharmacology, public health, and other medical and biological fields. Divided into four sections, the text elucidates key basic and advanced topics: * Section 1 covers fundamentals, including the history of the discipline, a discussion of the molecular laboratory tools currently available to assess genotypes, using such measurements in molecular epidemiology studies, and the statistical issues involved in their analysis. * Section 2 focuses on a number of key genetic polymorphisms relevant for ecogenetics, including enzymes of phase I and phase II metabolism, enzymes involved in DNA repair, as well as receptors and ion channels. This highlights characteristics of selected, widely studied genotypic/phenotypic differences, and allows discussion of how given genetic variations can influence responses to exogenous chemicals. * Section 3 examines gene-environment interactions through a disease-based approach, addressing how genetic polymorphisms can influence susceptibility to various diseases. Chapters cover important disease conditions such as various types of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, chronic pulmonary diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes, and obesity. * The final section discusses the ethical, legal, and social issues that arise when investigating and evaluating genetic polymorphisms in human populations, as well as the impact of ecogenetics on risk assessment, regulatory policies, and medicine and public health. Packed with clear examples illustrating concepts, as well as numerous tables and figures, Gene-Environment Interactions: Fundamentals of Ecogenetics is a unique resource for a wide range of physicians, students, and other specialists.