Silicon Nanocrystals

Research into cellulose nanocrystals is currently in an exponential growth phase, with research into potential applications now strengthened by recent advances in nanomanufacturing. The possibility of routine commercial production of these advanced materials is now becoming a reality. Cellulose Nanocrystals: Properties, Production and Applications provides an in-depth overview of the materials science, chemistry and physics of cellulose nanocrystals, and the technical development of advanced materials based on cellulose nanocrystals for industrial and medical applications. Topics covered include: • A comprehensive treatment of the structure, morphology and synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals. • The science and engineering of producing cellulose nanocrystals and the challenges involved in nanomanufacturing on a large industrial scale. • Surface/interface modifications of cellulose nanocrystals for the development of novel biomaterials with attractive structural and functional properties. • The scientific bases for developing cellulose-based nanomaterials with advanced functionalities for industrial/medical applications and consumer products. • Discussions on the (i) reinforcing potential of cellulose nanocrystals in polymer nanocomposites, (ii) utilization of these nanocrystals as efficient templates for developing tunable photonic materials, as well as (iii) applications in sustainable electronics and biomedicine. Cellulose Nanocrystals: Properties, Production and Applications will appeal to audiences in the physical, chemical and biological sciences as well as engineering disciplines. It will be of critical interest to industrialists seeking to develop sustainable new materials for the advanced industrial economies of the 21st century, ranging from adaptive “smart” packaging materials, to new chiral, mesoporous materials for optoelectronics and photonics , to high-performance nanocomposites for structural applications.

Polysaccharide nanocrystals, an emerging green nanoingredient (nanomaterial) with high crystallinity obtained by acid hydrolysis of biomass-based polysaccharides, are of scientific and economic significance owing to their abundance, biodegradation potential, and fascinating functional performance. This versatile class of materials can be used in nanocomposites such as rubber or polyester, and in functional materials such as drug carriers, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials or membranes, to name but a few. This book encompasses the extraction, structure, properties, surface modification, theory, and mechanism of diverse functional systems derived from polysaccharide nanocrystals. This highly sought-after trendy book is currently the only monograph devoted to the most current knowledge pertaining to this exciting subject area. It is ideal for researchers and stakeholders who wish to broaden and deepen their knowledge in the fast-moving and rapidly expanding R&D field of polymeric materials.

Focusing on both academic questions and applications of self-assembly of this extremely important class of compounds, this book discusses not only the self-organization of inorganic and magnetic nanocrystals, but also their collective optical and magnetic properties, as well as the in-situ fabrication of metal nanoparticles in solid matrices. Professor Marie-Paule Pileni, a distinguished leader in this field, is joined by a select group of expert authors to provide 14 chapters covering important aspects of self-assembled nanomaterials. The result is invaluable reading for inorganic and physical chemists, colloid chemists, polymer chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and chemical engineers working with and/or developing nanoparticle systems.

Silicon photonics is currently a very active and progressive area of research, as silicon optical circuits have emerged as the replacement technology for copper-based circuits in communication and broadband networks. The demand for ever improving communications and computing performance continues, and this in turn means that photonic circuits are finding ever increasing application areas. This text provides an important and timely overview of the ‘hot topics’ in the field, covering the various aspects of the technology that form the research area of silicon photonics. With contributions from some of the world’s leading researchers in silicon photonics, this book collates the latest advances in the technology. Silicon Photonics: the State of the Art opens with a highly informative foreword, and continues to feature: the integrated photonic circuit; silicon photonic waveguides; photonic bandgap waveguides; mechanisms for optical modulation in silicon; silicon based light sources; optical detection technologies for silicon photonics; passive silicon photonic devices; photonic and electronic integration approaches; applications in communications and sensors. Silicon Photonics: the State of the Art covers the essential elements of the entire field that is silicon photonics and is therefore an invaluable text for photonics engineers and professionals working in the fields of optical networks, optical communications, and semiconductor electronics. It is also an informative reference for graduate students studying for PhD in fibre optics, integrated optics, optical networking, microelectronics, or telecommunications.

Silicon is the most important material for the electronics industry. In modern microelectronics silicon devices like diodes and transistors play a major role, and devices like photodetectors or solar cells gain ever more importance. This concise handbook deals with one of the most important topics for the electronics industry. World renowned authors have contributed to this unique overview of the processing of silicon and silicon devices.

The growing demand for instant and reliable communication means that photonic circuits are increasingly finding applications in optical communications systems. One of the prime candidates to provide satisfactory performance at low cost in the photonic circuit is silicon. Whilst silicon photonics is less well developed as compared to some other material technologies, it is poised to make a serious impact on the telecommunications industry, as well as in many other applications, as other technologies fail to meet the yield/performance/cost trade-offs. Following a sympathetic tutorial approach, this first book on silicon photonics provides a comprehensive overview of the technology. Silicon Photonics explains the concepts of the technology, taking the reader through the introductory principles, on to more complex building blocks of the optical circuit. Starting with the basics of waveguides and the properties peculiar to silicon, the book also features: Key design issues in optical circuits. Experimental methods. Evaluation techniques. Operation of waveguide based devices. Fabrication of silicon waveguide circuits. Evaluation of silicon photonic systems. Numerous worked examples, models and case studies. Silicon Photonics is an essential tool for photonics engineers and young professionals working in the optical network, optical communications and semiconductor industries. This book is also an invaluable reference and a potential main text to senior undergraduates and postgraduate students studying fibre optics, integrated optics, or optical network technology.

Edited by the leaders in the fi eld, with chapters from highly renowned international researchers, this is the fi rst coherent overview of the latest in silicon nanomembrane research. As such, it focuses on the fundamental and applied aspects of silicon nanomembranes, ranging from synthesis and manipulation to manufacturing, device integration and system level applications, including uses in bio-integrated electronics, three-dimensional integrated photonics, solar cells, and transient electronics. The first part describes in detail the fundamental physics and materials science involved, as well as synthetic approaches and assembly and manufacturing strategies, while the second covers the wide range of device applications and system level demonstrators already achieved, with examples taken from electronics and photonics and from biomedicine and energy.

The combined results from an international research project involving 40 interdisciplinary groups, providing the latest knowledge from the past few years. Adopting an application-oriented approach, this handy reference is a must-have for every silicon chemist, whether working in inorganic, organic, physical or polymer chemistry, materials science or physics.

An excellent introduction to the SiGe BiCMOS technology, from the underlying device physics to current applications. -Ron Wilson, EETimes «SiGe technology has demonstrated the ability to provide excellent high-performance characteristics with very low noise, at high power gain, and with excellent linearity. This book is a comprehensive review of the technology and of the design methods that go with it.» -Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Professor, University of California, Berkeley Cofounder, Chief Technology Officer, Member of Board Cadence Design Systems Inc. Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, Silicon Germanium covers all the key aspects of this technology and its applications. Beginning with a brief introduction to and historical perspective of IBM's SiGe technology, this comprehensive guide quickly moves on to: * Detail many of IBM's SiGe technology development programs * Explore IBM's approach to device modeling and characterization-including predictive TCAD modeling * Discuss IBM's design automation and signal integrity knowledge and implementation methodologies * Illustrate design applications in a variety of IBM's SiGe technologies * Highlight details of highly integrated SiGe BiCMOS system-on-chip (SOC) design Written for RF/analog and mixed-signal designers, CAD designers, semiconductor students, and foundry process engineers worldwide, Silicon Germanium provides detailed insight into the modeling and design automation requirements for leading-edge RF/analog and mixed-signal products, and illustrates in-depth applications that can be implemented using IBM's advanced SiGe process technologies and design kits. «This volume provides an excellent introduction to the SiGe BiCMOS technology, from the underlying device physics to current applications. But just as important is the window the text provides into the infrastructure-the process development, device modeling, and tool development.» -Ron Wilson Silicon Engineering Editor, EETimes «This book chronicles the development of SiGe in detail, provides an in-depth look at the modeling and design automation requirements for making advanced applications using SiGe possible, and illustrates such applications as implemented using IBM's process technologies and design methods.» -John Kelly Senior Vice President and Group Executive, Technology Group, IBM

The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.