Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Related Technologies

Provides a complete treatment on two of the hottest topics in the energy sector – acid gas injection and carbon dioxide sequestration This book provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of two techniques that are rapidly increasing in importance and usage in the natural gas and petroleum industry – acid gas injection and carbon dioxide sequestration. The author, a well-known and respected authority on both processes, presents the theory of the technology, then discusses practical applications the engineer working in the field can implement. Both hot-button issues in the industry, these processes will help companies in the energy industry «go green,» by creating a safer, cleaner environment. These techniques also create a more efficient and profitable process in the plant, cutting waste and making operations more streamlined. This outstanding new reference includes: Uses of acid gas injection, the method of choice for disposing of small quantities of acid gas Coverage of technologies for working towards a zero-emission process in natural gas production A practical discussion of carbon dioxide sequestration, an emerging new topic, often described as one of the possible solutions for reversing global warming Problems and solutions for students at the graduate level and industry course participants

Carbon dioxide has been implicated in the global climate change, and CO2 sequestration is a technology being explored to curb the anthropogenic emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. The injection of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has the duel benefit of sequestering the CO2 and extending the life of some older fields. This volume presents some of the latest information on these processes covering physical properties, operations, design, reservoir engineering, and geochemistry for AGI and the related technologies.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 183. For carbon sequestration the issues of monitoring, risk assessment, and verification of carbon content and storage efficacy are perhaps the most uncertain. Yet these issues are also the most critical challenges facing the broader context of carbon sequestration as a means for addressing climate change. In response to these challenges, Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle presents current perspectives and research that combine five major areas: The global carbon cycle and verification and assessment of global carbon sources and sinks Potential capacity and temporal/spatial scales of terrestrial, oceanic, and geologic carbon storage Assessing risks and benefits associated with terrestrial, oceanic, and geologic carbon storage Predicting, monitoring, and verifying effectiveness of different forms of carbon storage Suggested new CO2 sequestration research and management paradigms for the future. The volume is based on a Chapman Conference and will appeal to the rapidly growing group of scientists and engineers examining methods for deliberate carbon sequestration through storage in plants, soils, the oceans, and geological repositories.

Large producers have started to use gas injection for their applications and in the future it is predicted that this trend will increase. This book is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of this technique, which is rapidly increasing in importance and usage in the natural gas and petroleum industry. The authors, a group of the most well-known and respected in the field, discuss, in a series of papers, this technology and related technologies as to how they can best be used by industry to creating a safer, cleaner environment.

This is the sixth volume in a series of books on natural gas engineering, focusing carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and acid gas injection. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters on well modeling, carbon capture, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more. Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most cutting-edge and state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer working with natural gas. There are updates of new technologies in other related areas of natural gas, in addition to the CO2 capture and acid gas injection, including testing, reservoir simulations, and natural gas hydrate formations. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today. Every volume is a must-have for any engineer or library.

Recently, supercritical fluids have emerged as more sustainable alternatives for the organic solvents often used in polymer processes. This is the first book emphasizing the potential of supercritical carbon dioxide for polymer processes from an engineering point of view. It develops a state-of-the-art overview on polymer fundamentals, polymerization reactions and polymer processing in supercritical carbon dioxide. The book covers topics in a multidisciplinary approach starting from polymer chemistry and thermodynamics, going through monitoring, polymerization processes and ending with polymer shaping and post-processing. The authors are internationally recognized experts from different fields in polymer reaction engineering in supercritical fluids. The book was initiated by the Working Party on Polymer Reaction Engineering of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering and further renowned international experts.

The book provides the reader with a profound knowledge of basic principles, properties and preferred applications of diverse kinds of CO2 measurement. It shows the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of several methods and gives a comprehensive overview of both possible applications and corresponding boundary conditions. Applications reach from environmental monitoring to safety control to biotechnology and food control and finally to medicine.

Written by the most prominent experts and pioneers in the field, this ready reference combines fundamental research, recent breakthroughs and real-life applications in one well-organized treatise. As such, both newcomers and established researchers will find here a wide range of current methods for producing and characterizing carbon nanotubes using imaging as well as spectroscopic techniques. One major part of this thorough overview is devoted to the controlled chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes, covering intriguing applications in photovoltaics, organic electronics and materials design. The latest research on novel carbon-derived structures, such as graphene, nanoonions and carbon pea pods, round off the book.

Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) is a non-thermal method for food and pharmaceutical processing that can ensure safe products with minimal nutrient loss and better preserved quality attributes. Its application is quite different than, for example, supercritical extraction with CO 2 where the typical solubility of materials in CO 2 is in the order of 1% and therefore requires large volumes of CO 2. In contrast, processing with DPCD requires much less CO 2 (between 5 to 8% CO 2 by weight) and the pressures used are at least one order of magnitude less than those typically used in ultra high pressure (UHP) processing. There is no noticeable temperature increase due to pressurization, and typical process temperatures are around 40°C. DPCD temporarily reduces the pH of liquid foods and because oxygen is removed from the environment, and because the temperature is not high during the short process time (typically about five minutes in continuous systems), nutrients, antioxidant activity, and vitamins are much better preserved than with thermal treatments. In pharmaceutical applications, DPCD facilitates the production of micronized powders of controlled particle size and distribution. Although the capital and operating costs are higher than that of thermal treatments, they are much lower than other non-thermal technology operations. This book is the first to bring together the significant amount of research into DPCD and highlight its effectiveness against microorganisms and enzymes as well as its potential in particle engineering. It is directed at food and pharmaceutical industry scientists and technologists working with DPCD and other traditional or non-thermal technologies that can potentially be used in conjunction with DPCD. It will also be of interest to packaging specialists and regulatory agencies.

Addresses materials, technology, and products that could help solve the global environmental crisis once commercialized This multidisciplinary book encompasses state-of-the-art research on the topics of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and complements existing CCS technique publications with the newest research and reviews. It discusses key challenges involved in the CCS materials design, processing, and modeling and provides in-depth coverage of solvent-based carbon capture, sorbent-based carbon capture, membrane-based carbon capture, novel carbon capture methods, computational modeling, carbon capture materials including metal organic frameworks (MOF), electrochemical capture and conversion, membranes and solvents, and geological sequestration. Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion and Sequestration offers chapters on: Carbon Capture in Metal-Organic Frameworks; Metal Organic Frameworks Materials for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture; New Progress of Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks in CO2 Capture and Separation; In Situ Diffraction Studies of Selected Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Materials for Guest Capture Applications; Electrochemical CO2 Capture and Conversion; Electrochemical Valorization of Carbon Dioxide in Molten Salts; Microstructural and Structural Characterization of Materials for CO2 Storage using Multi-Scale X-Ray Scattering Methods; Contribution of Density Functional Theory to Microporous Materials for Carbon Capture; and Computational Modeling Study of MnO2 Octahedral Molecular Sieves for Carbon Dioxide Capture Applications. Addresses one of the most pressing concerns of society—that of environmental damage caused by the greenhouse gases emitted as we use fossil fuels Covers cutting-edge capture technology with a focus on materials and technology rather than regulation and cost Highlights the common and novel CCS materials that are of greatest interest to industrial researchers Provides insight into CCS materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion and Sequestration is ideal for materials scientists and engineers, energy scientists and engineers, inorganic chemists, environmental scientists, pollution control scientists, and carbon chemists.