Formation and Evolution of Cosmic Structures

This book provides the main topics currently used for the calculus of structures. The reference establishes a link between the traditional approach on the strength of materials and the present finite element method, details the main aspects of practical modeling, and explores numerous case studies.

Fatigue and fracture result in billions of dollars of damage each year. This book examines the various causes of fatigue including crack growth, defects, temperature, environmental, and corrosion.

This volume features papers from the Controlled Processing of Nanoparticle Structures and Composites symposia held during the 2008 Materials Science and Technology conference (MS&T08). It provides a useful one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in controlled processing of nanoparticle structures and composites. Logically organized and carefully selected articles give insight into controlled processing of nanoparticle structures and composites, covering topics such as nanoparticle-based bulk material templating, the structure of nanoparticulate aggregates of titania as a function of shear, and the role of lattice vibrations in a nanoscale electronic device.

This book sets out the basic principles of composite construction with reference to beams, slabs, columns and frames, and their applications to building structures. It deals with the problems likely to arise in the design of composite members in buildings, and relates basic theory to the design approach of Eurocodes 2, 3 and 4. The new edition is based for the first time on the finalised Eurocode for steel/concrete composite structures.

New edition updated with additional exercises and two new chapters. Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures, 2nd Edition builds on the first edition and includes two new chapters on composite fittings and the design of a composite panel, as well additional exercises. The book enables graduate students and engineers to generate meaningful and robust designs of complex composite structures. A compilation of analysis and design methods for structural components made of advanced composites, it begins with simple parts such as skins and stiffeners and progresses through to applications such as entire components of fuselages and wings. It provides a link between theory and day-to-day design practice, using theory to derive solutions that are applicable to specific structures and structural details used in industry. Starting with the basic mathematical derivation followed by simplifications used in real-world design,Design and Analysis of Composite Structures: With Applications to Aerospace Structures, 2nd Edition presents the level of accuracy and range of applicability of each method along with design guidelines derived from experience combined with analysis. The author solves in detail examples taken from actual applications to show how the concepts can be applied, solving the same design problem with different methods based on different drivers (e.g. cost or weight) to show how the final configuration changes as the requirements and approach change. Each chapter is followed by exercises that represent specific design problems often encountered in the aerospace industry but which are also applicable in the in the automotive, marine, and construction industries. Updated to include additional exercises, that represent real design problems encountered in the aerospace industry, but which are also applicable in the in the automotive, marine, and construction industries. Includes two new chapters. One on composite fittings and another on application and the design of a composite panel. Provides a toolkit of analysis and design methods that enable engineers and graduate students to generate meaningful and robust designs of complex composite structures. Provides solutions that can be used in optimization schemes without having to run finite element models at each iteration; thus speeding up the design process and allowing the examination of many more alternatives than traditional approaches. Supported by a complete set of lecture slides and solutions to the exercises hosted on a companion website for instructors. An invaluable resource for Engineers and graduate students in aerospace engineering as well as Graduate students and engineers in mechanical, civil and marine engineering.

From the characterization of materials to accelerated life testing, experimentation with solids and structures is present in all stages of the design of mechanical devices. Sometimes only an experimental model can bring the necessary elements for understanding, the physics under study just being too complex for an efficient numerical model. This book presents the classical tools in the experimental approach to mechanical engineering, as well as the methods that have revolutionized the field over the past 20 years: photomechanics, signal processing, statistical data analysis, design of experiments, uncertainty analysis, etc. Experimental Mechanics of Solids and Structures also replaces mechanical testing in a larger context: firstly, that of the experimental model, with its own hypotheses; then that of the knowledge acquisition process, which is structured and robust; finally, that of a reliable analysis of the results obtained, in a context where uncertainty could be important.

Addresses the very topical, crucial and original subject of parameter identification and optimization within multiscale modeling methods Multiscale Modelling and Optimization of Materials and Structures presents an important and challenging area of research that enables the design of new materials and structures with better quality, strength and performance parameters as well as the creation of reliable models that take into account structural, material and topological properties at different scales. The authors’ approach is four-fold; 1) the basic principles of micro and nano scale modeling techniques; 2) the connection of micro and/or nano scale models with macro simulation software; 3) optimization development in the framework of multiscale engineering and the solution of identification problems; 4) the computer science techniques used in this model and advice for scientists interested in developing their own models and software for multiscale analysis and optimization. The authors present several approaches such as the bridging and homogenization methods, as well as the general formulation of complex optimization and identification problems in multiscale modelling. They apply global optimization algorithms based on robust bioinspired algorithms, proposing parallel and multi-subpopulation approaches in order to speed-up computations, and discuss several numerical examples of multiscale modeling, optimization and identification of composite and functionally graded engineering materials and bone tissues. Multiscale Modelling and Optimization of Materials and Structures is thereby a valuable source of information for young scientists and students looking to develop their own models, write their own computer programs and implement them into simulation systems.  Describes micro and nano scale models developed by the authors along with case studies of analysis and optimization Discusses the problems of computing costs, efficiency of information transfer, effective use of the computer memory and several other aspects of development of multiscale models Includes real physical, chemical and experimental studies with modern experimental techniques Provides a valuable source of information for young scientists and students looking to develop their own models, write their own computer programs, and implement them into simulation systems.

Design and Analysis of Composite Structures enables graduate students and engineers to generate meaningful and robust designs of complex composite structures. Combining analysis and design methods for structural components, the book begins with simple topics such as skins and stiffeners and progresses through to entire components of fuselages and wings. Starting with basic mathematical derivation followed by simplifications used in real-world design, Design and Analysis of Composite Structures presents the level of accuracy and range of applicability of each method. Examples taken from actual applications are worked out in detail to show how the concepts are applied, solving the same design problem with different methods based on different drivers (e.g. cost or weight) to show how the final configuration changes as the requirements and approach change. Provides a toolkit of analysis and design methods to most situations encountered in practice, as well as analytical frameworks and the means to solving them for tackling less frequent problems. Presents solutions applicable to optimization schemes without having to run finite element models at each iteration, speeding up the design process and allowing examination of several more alternatives than traditional approaches. Includes guidelines showing how decisions based on manufacturing considerations affect weight and how weight optimization may adversely affect the cost. Accompanied by a website at www.wiley.com/go/kassapoglou hosting lecture slides and solutions to the exercises for instructors.

The objective of this work on the mechanics of aeronautical solids, materials and structures is to give an overview of the principles necessary for sizing of structures in the aeronautical field. It begins by introducing the classical notions of mechanics: stress, strain, behavior law, and sizing criteria, with an emphasis on the criteria specific to aeronautics, such as limit loads and ultimate loads. Methods of resolution are then presented, and in particular the finite element method. Plasticity is also covered in order to highlight its influence on the sizing of structures, and in particular its benefits for design criteria. Finally, the physics of the two main materials of aeronautical structures, namely aluminum and composite materials, is approached in order to clarify the sizing criteria stated in the previous chapters. Exercises, with detailed corrections, then make it possible for the reader to test their understanding of the different subjects.

The growing flood of new experimental data generated by genome sequencing has provided an impetus for the development of automated methods for predicting the functions of proteins that have been deduced by sequence analysis and lack experimental characterization. Prediction of Protein Structures, Functions and Interactions presents a comprehensive overview of methods for prediction of protein structure or function, with the emphasis on their availability and possibilities for their combined use. Methods of modeling of individual proteins, prediction of their interactions, and docking of complexes are put in the context of predicting gene ontology (biological process, molecular function, and cellular component) and discussed in the light of their contribution to the emerging field of systems biology. Topics covered include: first steps of protein sequence analysis and structure prediction automated prediction of protein function from sequence template-based prediction of three-dimensional protein structures: fold-recognition and comparative modelling template-free prediction of three-dimensional protein structures quality assessment of protein models prediction of molecular interactions: from small ligands to large protein complexes macromolecular docking integrating prediction of structure, function, and interactions Prediction of Protein Structures, Functions and Interactions focuses on the methods that have performed well in CASPs, and which are constantly developed and maintained, and are freely available to academic researchers either as web servers or programs for local installation. It is an essential guide to the newest, best methods for prediction of protein structure and functions, for researchers and advanced students working in structural bioinformatics, protein chemistry, structural biology and drug discovery.