Future Trends in Microelectronics

Presents the developments in microelectronic-related fields, with comprehensive insight from a number of leading industry professionals The book presents the future developments and innovations in the developing field of microelectronics. The book’s chapters contain contributions from various authors, all of whom are leading industry professionals affiliated either with top universities, major semiconductor companies, or government laboratories, discussing the evolution of their profession. A wide range of microelectronic-related fields are examined, including solid-state electronics, material science, optoelectronics, bioelectronics, and renewable energies. The topics covered range from fundamental physical principles, materials and device technologies, and major new market opportunities. Describes the expansion of the field into hot topics such as energy (photovoltaics) and medicine (bio-nanotechnology) Provides contributions from leading industry professionals in semiconductor micro- and nano-electronics Discusses the importance of micro- and nano-electronics in today’s rapidly changing and expanding information society Future Trends in Microelectronics: Journey into the Unknown is written for industry professionals and graduate students in engineering, physics, and nanotechnology.

In this book leading profesionals in the semiconductor microelectronics field discuss the future evolution of their profession. The following are some of the questions discussed: Does CMOS technology have a real problem? Do transistors have to be smaller or just better and made of better materials? What is to come after semiconductors? Superconductors or molecular conductors? Is bottom-up self-assembling the answer to the limitation of top-down lithography? Is it time for Optics to become a force in computer evolution? Quantum Computing, Spintronics? Where is the printable plastic electronics proposed 10 years ago? Are carbon nanotube transistors the CMOS of the future?

Microelectronics is a complex world where many sciences need to collaborate to create nano-objects: we need expertise in electronics, microelectronics, physics, optics and mechanics also crossing into chemistry, electrochemistry, as well as biology, biochemistry and medicine. Chemistry is involved in many fields from materials, chemicals, gases, liquids or salts, the basics of reactions and equilibrium, to the optimized cleaning of surfaces and selective etching of specific layers. In addition, over recent decades, the size of the transistors has been drastically reduced while the functionality of circuits has increased. This book consists of five chapters covering the chemicals and sequences used in processing, from cleaning to etching, the role and impact of their purity, along with the materials used in “Front End Of the Line” which corresponds to the heart and performance of individual transistors, then moving on to the “Back End Of the Line” which is related to the interconnection of all the transistors. Finally, the need for specific functionalization also requires key knowledge on surface treatments and chemical management to allow new applications. Contents 1. Chemistry in the “Front End of the Line” (FEOL): Deposits, Gate Stacks, Epitaxy and Contacts, Fran?ois Martin, Jean-Michel Hartmann, V?ronique Carron and Yannick Le Tiec. 2. Chemistry in Interconnects, Vincent Jousseaume, Paul-Henri Haumesser, Carole Pernel, Jeffery Butterbaugh, Sylvain Ma?trejean and Didier Louis. 3. The Chemistry of Wet Surface Preparation: Cleaning, Etching and Drying, Yannick Le Tiec and Martin Knotter. 4. The Use and Management of Chemical Fluids in Microelectronics, Christiane Gottschalk, Kevin Mclaughlin, Julie Cren, Catherine Peyne and Patrick Valenti. 5. Surface Functionalization for Micro- and Nanosystems: Application to Biosensors, Antoine Hoang, Gilles Marchand, Guillaume Nonglaton, Isabelle Texier-Nogues and Francoise Vinet. About the Authors Yannick Le Tiec is a technical expert at CEA-Leti, Minatec since 2002. He is a CEA-Leti assignee at IBM, Albany (NY) to develop the advanced 14 nm CMOS node and the FDSOI technology. He held different technical positions from the advanced 300 mm SOI CMOS pilot line to different assignments within SOITEC for advanced wafer development and later within INES to optimize solar cell ramp-up and yield. He has been part of the ITRS Front End technical working group at ITRS since 2008.

This comprehensive book will provide both fundamental and applied aspects of adhesion pertaining to microelectronics in a single and easily accessible source. Among the topics to be covered include; Various theories or mechanisms of adhesion Surface (physical or chemical) characterization of materials as it pertains to adhesion Surface cleaning as it pertains to adhesion Ways to improve adhesion Unraveling of interfacial interactions using an array of pertinent techniques Characterization of interfaces / interphases Polymer-polymer adhesion Metal-polymer adhesion (metallized polymers) Polymer adhesion to various substrates Adhesion of thin films Adhesion of underfills Adhesion of molding compounds Adhesion of different dielectric materials Delamination and reliability issues in packaged devices Interface mechanics and crack propagation Adhesion measurement of thin films and coatings

Conventional valuation techniques take little account of the unexpected outcomes and uncertainties of real life. Real options are one method of tackling these problems in order to give a realistic view in practice rather than simply in the theoretical world. Tom Copeland in his contribution considers the probability that real options will in the future become the standard method of valuation and of evaluating the financial viability of ventures. This book follows past, current and potential future valuation techniques and discusses current trends in this area in the light of the ever-increasing desire to assess and manage risk and uncertainty.

Expert coverage of vacuum microelectronics-principles, devices, and applications The field of vacuum microelectronics has advanced so swiftly that commercial devices are being fabricated, and applications are being developed in displays, wireless communications, spacecraft, and electronics for use in harsh environments. It is a rapidly evolving, interdisciplinary field encompassing electrical engineering, materials science, vacuum engineering, and applied physics. This book surveys the fundamentals, technology, and device applications of this nascent field. Editor Wei Zhu brings together some of the world's foremost experts to provide comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the entire spectrum of vacuum microelectronics. Topics include: Field emission theory Metal and silicon field emitter arrays Novel cold cathode materials Field emission flat panel displays Cold cathode microwave devices Vacuum Microelectronics is intended for practitioners in the display, microwave, telecommunications, and microelectronics industries and in government and university research laboratories, as well as for graduate students majoring in electrical engineering, materials science, and physics. It provides cutting-edge, expert coverage of the subject and serves as both an introductory text and a professional reference.

Asthma is a growing health problem throughout the developed world. This volume presents a critical review of all the possible factors for this rising trend and includes research that has not yet been published in the scientific literature. Discusses the basic biology of asthma and addresses genetic influences. Surveys the epidemiological evidence for the worldwide trends in morbidity and mortality.

Knowledge Management (KM) encompasses a wide range of tools and methods that are at the heart of the information and communication society and provide solutions that rely as much on organization as on technology. This title brings together contributions from authors from a range of countries who are recognized as leading figures in this field, both in an academic and a practical sense. It describes the strategic aspects of KM and defines the underlying principles in terms of management, life cycle, process, methods and tools involved in this discipline. Several approaches to the running of KM within organizations are then discussed. The influence of KM on the performance of a company is analyzed and guidelines are given on various KM approaches that can be used to achieve specific goals. Finally, several case studies of companies that have put KM at the heart of their organizational strategy are given to demonstrate how this approach has been put into practice. Given the practical approach taken by this book and the considerable advantages that a good handling of KM can bring to an organization, this title will be of great interest to those involved in this field.

Ever since their inception, space activities have been innovative, but not driven by commercial considerations – that is, until the end of the Cold War, when the commercialization of space escalated. As a result, the direction of the innovation changed in order to leverage new business opportunities, which reached a turning point in the 2010s. This book discusses the developmental trends of the world space sector in detail, by analyzing their long-term evolution, and studying why this innovative industry sometimes experiences technological and organizational delays. Innovation Trends in the Space Industry also provides a framework to diagnose more accurately the potential technological threats that are currently faced by existing space tech manufacturers. Moreover, this book, with an economic perspective, provides a close examination of the space sector. It also contributes to enriching innovation management theory by leading us to better understand industry emergence shaped by customers, to reinterpret technological and organizational inertia in high technology activities, and to refine disruptive innovation trends.

The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.