GIS Data Sources

The world has become digital and technological advances have multiplied circuits with access to data, their processing and their diffusion. New technologies have now reached a certain maturity. Data are available to everyone, anywhere on the planet. The number of Internet users in 2014 was 2.9 billion or 41% of the world population. The need for knowledge is becoming apparent in order to understand this multitude of data. We must educate, inform and train the masses. The development of related technologies, such as the advent of the Internet, social networks, «cloud-computing» (digital factories), has increased the available volumes of data. Currently, each individual creates, consumes, uses digital information: more than 3.4 million e-mails are sent worldwide every second, or 107,000 billion annually with 14,600 e-mails per year per person, but more than 70% are spam. Billions of pieces of content are shared on social networks such as Facebook, more than 2.46 million every minute. We spend more than 4.8 hours a day on the Internet using a computer, and 2.1 hours using a mobile. Data, this new ethereal manna from heaven, is produced in real time. It comes in a continuous stream from a multitude of sources which are generally heterogeneous. This accumulation of data of all types (audio, video, files, photos, etc.) generates new activities, the aim of which is to analyze this enormous mass of information. It is then necessary to adapt and try new approaches, new methods, new knowledge and new ways of working, resulting in new properties and new challenges since SEO logic must be created and implemented. At company level, this mass of data is difficult to manage. Its interpretation is primarily a challenge. This impacts those who are there to «manipulate» the mass and requires a specific infrastructure for creation, storage, processing, analysis and recovery. The biggest challenge lies in «the valuing of data» available in quantity, diversity and access speed.

Physics of Energy Sourcesprovides readers with a balanced presentation of the fundamental physics needed to understand and analyze conventional and renewable energy sources including nuclear, solar, wind and water power. It also presents various ways in which energy can be stored for future use. The book is an informative and authoritative text for students in the physical sciences and engineering and is based on a lecture course given regularly by the author. With the ever increasing demand for sustainable, environmentally-friendly and reliable sources of energy, the need for scientists and engineers equipped to tackle the challenges of developing and improving upon commercially viable energy sources has never been more urgent. By focusing on the physical principles governing energy production, storage, and transmission, this book provides readers with a solid foundation in the science and technology of energy sources. Physics of Energy Sources features include: Analyses of conventional and renewable energy sources in terms of underlying physical principles Integrated application of a wide range of physics, from classical to quantum physics Coverage of nuclear, wind, wave, tidal, hydroelectric, geothermal and solar power, including many practical systems Consideration of efficiency for power production as well as energy storage and transportation Consideration of key environmental issues Worked examples in text, and problems & solutions to encourage understanding Derivation of formulae with a minimum of mathematical complexity

Biomolecules from Natural Sources An up-to-date exploration of new and novel biomolecules In Biomolecules from Natural Sources: Advances and Applications, a team of accomplished researchers delivers up-to-date information on various bioresources, bioprocessing, production, mechanisms of action for selective bioactivity, biochemistry, targeted therapeutic roles and the advancements made on their bioactive potentials of new and novel biomolecules. The book presents recent trends in new and novel biomolecules and their identification, characterization, and potential applications. The selected contributions canvas a variety of breakthroughs in the understanding and applications of naturally derived biomolecules. Biomolecules from Natural Sources: Advances and Applications is an exhaustive collection of research and information, as well as an insightful and interdisciplinary treatment of a rapidly developing field. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to phenolics from natural sources and plant-based natural artemisinin and its biomedical applications Comprehensive explorations of protein structure, function, and specificity and the pharmacological potential of pigments Practical discussions of biomolecules obtained through food biotechnology and the biological activities of natural glycosides In-depth examinations of biomolecules from basil and their pharmacological significance Perfect for biotechnologists, food technologists, and plant biologists, Biomolecules from Natural Sources: Advances and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of bioprocessing engineers, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students of biochemistry.

A practical reference to support choosing, customising and handling the best PV simulation solution This comprehensive guide surveys all available models for simulating a photovoltaic (PV) generator at different levels of granularity, from cell to system level, in uniform as well as in mismatched conditions. Providing a thorough comparison among the models, engineers have all the elements needed to choose the right PV array model for specific applications or environmental conditions matched with the model of the electronic circuit used to maximize the PV power production. Key features: Multiple mathematical models are given for different application requirements. The shading effect is taken into account to improve the model accuracy. Procedures for parameter identification of the PV model are analysed and compared. Mathematical manipulations are introduced to some models to reduce their calculation time. The electronic interface effect on the power chain is analysed. Analytical expressions are used to design and control the power converter driving the PV field. The book is an essential reference for R&D in the PV industry; designers of power converters for PV; PV systems designers; and practicing engineers.

Written at a practical level, suited to the business audience, this exceptional book explores the business environment of making GIS successful. It applies academic rigor to practical and commercial implementation issues and offers viewpoints from all parties involved in GIS implementation. Achieving Business Success with GIS provides tangible advice ranging from technical and financial to organizational and commercial. It is unique in that it does not stop short of providing, without hype or embellishment, practical advice and real examples regarding the total cost of ownership of a project or finance and return investment of GIS products. Achieving Business Success with GIS highlights that the use of GIS technology needs to be focused on the business issues, not the technology. The book begins by describing the use of GIS in a global context within a business environment as the background to outlining the need for organizations to have a strategy for their GIS. The book then goes on to explore the elements of a GIS strategy and explains issues which are relevant for such approaches and how to go about developing it. In the closing chapters of this book, the process of specifying and tendering for a GIS are discussed to ensure that the focus of the reader remains on the business issues of the organization. This is followed by examples of the best and worst Geographic Information Systems including a discussion on Google Earth and Web 2.0. The combination of the statistics from the GIS / Spatial surveys and the author’s consulting experiences make this book an invaluable resource for GIS managers in government (federal, state and local) and utilities, organisations using GIS, and students and lecturers in this field.

The main purpose of this book is to investigate, explore and describe approaches and methods to facilitate data understanding through analytics solutions based on its principles, concepts and applications. But analyzing data is also about involving the use of software. For this, and in order to cover some aspect of data analytics, this book uses software (Excel, SPSS, Python, etc) which can help readers to better understand the analytics process in simple terms and supporting useful methods in its application.

Written for practitioners of data mining, data cleaning and database management. Presents a technical treatment of data quality including process, metrics, tools and algorithms. Focuses on developing an evolving modeling strategy through an iterative data exploration loop and incorporation of domain knowledge. Addresses methods of detecting, quantifying and correcting data quality issues that can have a significant impact on findings and decisions, using commercially available tools as well as new algorithmic approaches. Uses case studies to illustrate applications in real life scenarios. Highlights new approaches and methodologies, such as the DataSphere space partitioning and summary based analysis techniques. Exploratory Data Mining and Data Cleaning will serve as an important reference for serious data analysts who need to analyze large amounts of unfamiliar data, managers of operations databases, and students in undergraduate or graduate level courses dealing with large scale data analys is and data mining.

A pragmatic approach to Big Data by taking the reader on a journey between Big Data (what it is) and the Smart Data (what it is for). Today’s decision making can be reached via information (related to the data), knowledge (related to people and processes), and timing (the capacity to decide, act and react at the right time). The huge increase in volume of data traffic, and its format (unstructured data such as blogs, logs, and video) generated by the “digitalization” of our world modifies radically our relationship to the space (in motion) and time, dimension and by capillarity, the enterprise vision of performance monitoring and optimization.

A unique electrical engineering approach to alternative sources of energy Unlike other books that deal with alternative sources of energy from a mechanical point of view, Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy takes an electrical engineering perspective. Moreover, the authors examine the full spectrum of alternative and renewable energy with the goal of developing viable methods of integrating energy sources and storage efficiently. Readers become thoroughly conversant with the principles, possibilities, and limits of alternative and renewable energy. The book begins with a general introduction and then reviews principles of thermodynamics. Next, the authors explore both common and up-and-coming alternative energy sources, including hydro, wind, solar, photovoltaic, thermosolar, fuel cells, and biomass. Following that are discussions of microturbines and induction generators, as well as a special chapter dedicated to energy storage systems. After setting forth the fundamentals, the authors focus on how to integrate the various energy sources for electrical power production. Discussions related to system operation, maintenance, and management, as well as standards for interconnection, are also set forth. Throughout the book, diagrams are provided to demonstrate the electrical operation of all the systems that are presented. In addition, extensive use of examples helps readers better grasp how integration of alternative energy sources can be accomplished. The final chapter gives readers the opportunity to learn about the HOMER Micropower Optimization Model. This computer model, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), assists in the design of micropower systems and facilitates comparisons of power generation techniques. Readers can download the software from the NREL Web site. This book is a must-read for engineers, consultants, regulators, and environmentalists involved in energy production and delivery, helping them evaluate alternative energy sources and integrate them into an efficient energy delivery system. It is also a superior textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.