Information Retrieval

SciFinder® is rapidly becoming a preferred means to access scientific information in industry and universities worldwide. It accesses databases which span the chemical, engineering, life, medical, and physical sciences, including five Chemical Abstract Service databases and the National Library of Medicine bibliographic database Medline®. No other single information access tool has such breadth of coverage for scientific journal and patent documents. Information Retrieval: SciFinder®, 2nd Edition is an essential guide explaining how to get the best out of SciFinder. It discusses the 50+ options in SciFinder® including topic, bibliographic, and chemical substance explore options, and post-processing options Analyze, Refine, and Categorize. The book: Summarises the databases and explains how to take advantage of the unique search and analysis options Explains selected algorithms behind the operation of SciFinder® and why it helps to understand them Discusses why it is important, and how to apply scientific method to information retrieval Describes how to search for chemical structures and chemical reactions This second edition of Information Retrieval: SciFinder® has been fully revised and updated to incorporate the latest functionality and content of SciFinder®. Written by a scientist for scientists, this book will increase your research creativity and productivity and is an essential resource for anyone needing scientific information in academia or industry.

Information retrieval is a central and essential activity. It is indeed difficult to find a human activity that does not need to retrieve information in an environment which is often increasingly digital: moving and navigating, learning, having fun, communicating, informing, making a decision, etc. Most human activities are intimately linked to our ability to search quickly and effectively for relevant information, the stakes are sometimes extremely important: passing an exam, voting, finding a job, remaining autonomous, being socially connected, developing a critical spirit, or simply surviving. The author of this book presents a summary of work undertaken over several years relative to the behaviors and cognitive processes involved in information retrieval in digital environments. He presents several examples of theoretical models and studies to better understand the difficulties, behaviors and strategies of individuals searching for information in digital environments.

This book addresses the field of geographic information extraction and retrieval from textual documents. Geographic information retrieval is a rapidly emerging subject, a trend fostered by the growing power of the Internet and the emerging possibilities of data dissemination. After positioning his work in this field in Chapter 1, the author makes proposals in the following two chapters. Chapter 2 focuses on spatial and temporal information indexing and retrieval in corpora of textual documents. Propositions for both spatial and temporal information retrieval (IR) are made. Chapter 3 tackles the use of generalized spatial and temporal indexes, which are produced from there in the framework of multi-criteria IR. Geographic IR (GIR) is discussed at length, since this IR combines the criteria of spatial, temporal and thematic research. The author provides a rich bibliographical study of the current approaches focused on the modeling and retrieval of spatial and temporal information in textual documents, and similarity measures developed thus far in the literature. The book concludes with a broad perspective of the remaining scientific challenges. Several areas of research are discussed, such as integration of a domain-based ontology, modeling of spatial footprints from the interpretation of spatial relation, and parsing of relations between features deemed relevant within a document resulting from a GIR process. Contents Foreword, Christophe Claramunt. 1. Access by Geographic Content to Textual Corpora: What Orientations ? 2. Spatial and Temporal Information Retrieval in Textual Corpora. 3. Multicriteria Information Retrieval in Textual Corpora. 4. General Conclusion. About the Authors Christian Sallaberry is currently Assistant Professor at the Law, Economics and Management Faculty in Pau, France. His current research interests are in the fields of geographical information retrieval (GIR) in textual corpora: spatial, temporal and thematic information recognition, analyzing, indexing and retrieval. He is interested in spatial, temporal and thematic criteria combinations within a GIR process.

Taking an innovative look at Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this practical reference fully covers new developments in SAR and its various methodologies and enables readers to interpret SAR imagery An essential reference on polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this book uses scattering theory and radiative transfer theory as a basis for its treatment of topics. It is organized to include theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques, and presents cutting-edge research on theoretical modelling of terrain surface. The book includes quantitative approaches for remote sensing, such as the analysis of the Mueller matrix solution of random media, mono-static and bistatic SAR image simulation. It also covers new parameters for unsupervised surface classification, DEM inversion, change detection from multi-temporal SAR images, reconstruction of building objects from multi-aspect SAR images, and polarimetric pulse echoes from multi-layering scatter media. Structured to encourage methodical learning, earlier chapters cover core material, whilst later sections involve more advanced new topics which are important for researchers. The final chapter completes the book as a reference by covering SAR interferometry, a core topic in the remote sensing community. Features theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques Explains the simulation of SAR images for mono- and bi-static radars, covering both qualitative and quantitative information retrieval Chapter topics include: theoretical scattering models; SAR data analysis and processing techniques; and theoretical quantitative simulation reconstruction and inversion techniques Structured to enable both academic learning and independent study, laying down the foundations first of all before advancing to more complex topics Experienced author team presents mathematical derivations and figures so that they are easy for readers to understand Pitched at graduate-level students in electrical engineering, physics, earth and space sciences, as well as researchers MATLAB code available for readers to run their own routines An invaluable reference for research scientists, engineers and scientists working on polarimetric SAR hardware and software, Application developers of SAR and polarimetric SAR, remote sensing specialists working with SAR data – using ESA.

Abdominal organ transplantation is a complex, multi-step process that requires flawless surgery from start to finish. Training in organ retrieval and bench surgery, however, has varied from country to country and even center to center, and trainees too often must rely on hands-on experience without the benefit of extensive practical or theoretical training. With the number of transplant programs on the rise and the demand for donor organs increasing steadily as outcomes continue to improve, there is a greater need than ever before for a practical and comprehensive reference that transplantation professionals can turn to for clear and comprehensive guidance. Abdominal Organ Retrieval and Transplantation Bench Surgery fills that need. This important new book covers all aspects of retrieval and bench surgery of the abdominal organs. Coverage includes organ retrieval logistics and organ preservation; retrieval and bench surgery of the kidney, liver, pancreas and intestine; in situ and ex situ liver splitting; multi-organ retrieval; paediatric age-specific aspects of retrieval and bench surgery; and more. Key features include: Practice learning points for each procedure Detailed color illustrations of standard techniques Thorough guidance on dealing with anatomical variations Abdominal Organ Retrieval and Transplantation Bench Surgery is the ideal guide for surgeons and donor retrieval teams alike. With its step-wise approach and practical orientation, it is a reference transplant professionals can trust to help them understand and excel at all aspects of abdominal organ retrieval, from managing potential donors and properly retrieving organs to minimizing the likelihood of common pitfalls while mastering the latest surgical techniques.

During the reception of a piece of information, we are never passive. Depending on its origin and content, from our personal beliefs and convictions, we bestow upon this piece of information, spontaneously or after reflection, a certain amount of confidence. Too much confidence shows a degree of naivety, whereas an absolute lack of it condemns us as being paranoid. These two attitudes are symmetrically detrimental, not only to the proper perception of this information but also to its use. Beyond these two extremes, each person generally adopts an intermediate position when faced with the reception of information, depending on its provenance and credibility. We still need to understand and explain how these judgements are conceived, in what context and to what end. Spanning the approaches offered by philosophy, military intelligence, algorithmics and information science, this book presents the concepts of information and the confidence placed in it, the methods that militaries, the first to be aware of the need, have or should have adopted, tools to help them, and the prospects that they have opened up. Beyond the military context, the book reveals ways to evaluate information for the good of other fields such as economic intelligence, and, more globally, the informational monitoring by governments and businesses. Contents 1. Information: Philosophical Analysis and Strategic Applications, Mouhamadou El Hady Ba and Philippe Capet. 2. Epistemic Trust, Gloria Origgi. 3. The Fundamentals of Intelligence, Philippe Lemercier. 4. Information Evaluation in the Military Domain: Doctrines, Practices and Shortcomings, Philippe Capet and Adrien Revault d’Allonnes. 5. Multidimensional Approach to Reliability Evaluation of Information Sources, Fr?d?ric Pichon, Christophe Labreuche, Bertrand Duqueroie and Thomas Delavallade. 6. Uncertainty of an Event and its Markers in Natural Language Processing, Mouhamadou El Hady Ba, St?phanie Brizard, Tanneguy Dulong and B?n?dicte Goujon. 7. Quantitative Information Evaluation: Modeling and Experimental Evaluation, Marie-Jeanne Lesot, Fr?d?ric Pichon and Thomas Delavallade. 8. When Reported Information Is Second Hand, Laurence Cholvy. 9. An Architecture for the Evolution of Trust: Definition and Impact of the Necessary Dimensions of Opinion Making, Adrien Revault d’Allonnes. About the Authors Philippe Capet is a project manager and research engineer at Ektimo, working mainly on information management and control in military contexts. Thomas Delavallade is an advanced studies engineer at Thales Communications & Security, working on social media mining in the context of crisis management, cybersecurity and the fight against cybercrime.

"The book itself is a diagram of clarification, containing hundreds of examples of work by those who favor the communication of information over style and academic postulation—and those who don't. Many blurbs such as this are written without a thorough reading of the book. Not so in this case. I read it and love it. I suggest you do the same." —Richard Saul Wurman «This handsome, clearly organized book is itself a prime example of the effective presentation of complex visual information.» —eg magazine «It is a dream book, we were waiting for…on the field of information. On top of the incredible amount of presented knowledge this is also a beautifully designed piece, very easy to follow…» —Krzysztof Lenk, author of Mapping Websites: Digital Media Design «Making complicated information understandable is becoming the crucial task facing designers in the 21st century. With Designing Information, Joel Katz has created what will surely be an indispensable textbook on the subject.» —Michael Bierut «Having had the pleasure of a sneak preview, I can only say that this is a magnificent achievement: a combination of intelligent text, fascinating insights and – oh yes – graphics. Congratulations to Joel.» —Judith Harris, author of Pompeii Awakened: A Story of Rediscovery Designing Information shows designers in all fields – from user-interface design to architecture and engineering – how to design complex data and information for meaning, relevance, and clarity. Written by a worldwide authority on the visualization of complex information, this full-color, heavily illustrated guide provides real-life problems and examples as well as hypothetical and historical examples, demonstrating the conceptual and pragmatic aspects of human factors-driven information design. Both successful and failed design examples are included to help readers understand the principles under discussion.

INFORMATION SECURITY Provides systematic guidance on meeting the information security challenges of the 21st century, featuring newly revised material throughout Information Security: Principles and Practice is the must-have book for students, instructors, and early-stage professionals alike. Author Mark Stamp provides clear, accessible, and accurate information on the four critical components of information security: cryptography, access control, network security, and software. Readers are provided with a wealth of real-world examples that clarify complex topics, highlight important security issues, and demonstrate effective methods and strategies for protecting the confidentiality and integrity of data. Fully revised and updated, the third edition of Information Security features a brand-new chapter on network security basics and expanded coverage of cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, Stuxnet and other malware, the SSH protocol, secure software development, and security protocols. Fresh examples illustrate the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) cryptosystem, elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC), SHA-3, and hash function applications including bitcoin and blockchains. Updated problem sets, figures, tables, and graphs help readers develop a working knowledge of classic cryptosystems, modern symmetric and public key cryptography, cryptanalysis, simple authentication protocols, intrusion and malware detection systems, quantum computing, and more. Presenting a highly practical approach to information security, this popular textbook: Provides up-to-date coverage of the rapidly evolving field of information security Explains session keys, perfect forward secrecy, timestamps, SSH, SSL, IPSec, Kerberos, WEP, GSM, and other authentication protocols Addresses access control techniques including authentication and authorization, ACLs and capabilities, and multilevel security and compartments Discusses software security issues, ranging from malware detection to secure software development Includes an instructor’s solution manual, PowerPoint slides, lecture videos, and additional teaching resources Information Security: Principles and Practice, Third Edition is the perfect textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in all Computer Science programs, and remains essential reading for professionals working in industrial or government security.

Your expert guide to information security As businesses and consumers become more dependent on complex multinational information systems, the need to understand and devise sound information security systems has never been greater. This title takes a practical approach to information security by focusing on real-world examples. While not sidestepping the theory, the emphasis is on developing the skills and knowledge that security and information technology students and professionals need to face their challenges. The book is organized around four major themes: * Cryptography: classic cryptosystems, symmetric key cryptography, public key cryptography, hash functions, random numbers, information hiding, and cryptanalysis * Access control: authentication and authorization, password-based security, ACLs and capabilities, multilevel and multilateral security, covert channels and inference control, BLP and Biba's models, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems * Protocols: simple authentication protocols, session keys, perfect forward secrecy, timestamps, SSL, IPSec, Kerberos, and GSM * Software: flaws and malware, buffer overflows, viruses and worms, software reverse engineering, digital rights management, secure software development, and operating systems security Additional features include numerous figures and tables to illustrate and clarify complex topics, as well as problems-ranging from basic to challenging-to help readers apply their newly developed skills. A solutions manual and a set of classroom-tested PowerPoint(r) slides will assist instructors in their course development. Students and professors in information technology, computer science, and engineering, and professionals working in the field will find this reference most useful to solve their information security issues. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department. An Instructor Support FTP site is also available.

This book introduces policy, government, and security professionals to the concept of “information warfare,” covering its evolution over the last decade and its developments among such economic and political giants as China, Russia, Japan, India, and Singapore. The text describes various conceptions of information warfare, along with how they function in military, diplomatic, political, and economic contexts. Recent notable cyber attacks are analyzed, the challenges faced by countries who fail to secure their cyberspace (Japan, the US, etc.) are enumerated, and ways to distinguish between cybercrime, cyberwarfare, and cyberterrrorism are discussed.