Internal Combustion Engines

A comprehensive resource covering the foundational thermal-fluid sciences and engineering analysis techniques used to design and develop internal combustion engines   Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermosciences, Fourth Edition  combines foundational thermal-fluid sciences with engineering analysis techniques for modeling and predicting the performance of internal combustion engines.  This new 4th edition includes brand new material on:  New engine technologies and concepts Effects of engine speed on performance and emissions Fluid mechanics of intake and exhaust flow in engines Turbocharger and supercharger performance analysis Chemical kinetic modeling, reaction mechanisms, and emissions Advanced combustion processes including low temperature combustion Piston, ring and journal bearing friction analysis The  4th Edition  expands on the combined analytical and numerical approaches used successfully in previous editions. Students and engineers are provided with several new tools for applying the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer to internal combustion engines.  Each chapter includes MATLAB programs and examples showing how to perform detailed engineering computations. The chapters also have an increased number of homework problems with which the reader can gauge their progress and retention. All the software is ‘open source’ so that readers can see in detail how computational analysis and the design of engines is performed. A companion website is also provided, offering access to the MATLAB computer programs.

This book provides an introduction to basic thermodynamic engine cycle simulations, and provides a substantial set of results. Key features includes comprehensive and detailed documentation of the mathematical foundations and solutions required for thermodynamic engine cycle simulations. The book includes a thorough presentation of results based on the second law of thermodynamics as well as results for advanced, high efficiency engines. Case studies that illustrate the use of engine cycle simulations are also provided.

Combustion, the process of burning, is defined as a chemical reaction between a combustible reactant (the fuel) and an oxidizing agent (such as air) in order to produce heat and in most cases light while new chemical species (e.g., flue gas components) are formed. This book covers a gap on the market by providing a concise introduction to combustion. Most of the other books currently available are targeted towards the experienced users and contain too many details and/or contain knowledge at a fairly high level. This book provides a brief and clear overview of the combustion basics, suitable for beginners and then focuses on practical aspects, rather than theory, illustrated by a number of industrial applications as examples. The content is aimed to provide a general understanding of the various concepts, techniques and equipment for students at all level as well as practitioners with little or no prior experience in the field. The authors are all international experts in the field of combustion technology and adopt here a clear didactic style with many practical examples to cover the most common solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. The associated environmental impacts are also discussed so that readers can develop an understanding of the major issues and the options available for more sustainable combustion processes. With a foreword by Katharina Kohse-Hoinghaus

Some 200 years after the original invention, internal design of a Stirling engine has come to be considered a specialist task, calling for extensive experience and for access to sophisticated computer modelling. The low parts-count of the type is negated by the complexity of the gas processes by which heat is converted to work. Design is perceived as problematic largely because those interactions are neither intuitively evident, nor capable of being made visible by laboratory experiment. There can be little doubt that the situation stands in the way of wider application of this elegant concept. Stirling Cycle Engines re-visits the design challenge, doing so in three stages. Firstly, unrealistic expectations are dispelled: chasing the Carnot efficiency is a guarantee of disappointment, since the Stirling engine has no such pretentions. Secondly, no matter how complex the gas processes, they embody a degree of intrinsic similarity from engine to engine. Suitably exploited, this means that a single computation serves for an infinite number of design conditions. Thirdly, guidelines resulting from the new approach are condensed to high-resolution design charts – nomograms. Appropriately designed, the Stirling engine promises high thermal efficiency, quiet operation and the ability to operate from a wide range of heat sources. Stirling Cycle Engines offers tools for expediting feasibility studies and for easing the task of designing for a novel application. Key features: Expectations are re-set to realistic goals. The formulation throughout highlights what the thermodynamic processes of different engines have in common rather than what distinguishes them. Design by scaling is extended, corroborated, reduced to the use of charts and fully Illustrated. Results of extensive computer modelling are condensed down to high-resolution Nomograms. Worked examples feature throughout. Prime movers (and coolers) operating on the Stirling cycle are of increasing interest to industry, the military (stealth submarines) and space agencies. Stirling Cycle Engines fills a gap in the technical literature and is a comprehensive manual for researchers and practitioners. In particular, it will support effort world-wide to exploit potential for such applications as small-scale CHP (combined heat and power), solar energy conversion and utilization of low-grade heat.

In the new age of philanthropy, donors expect charities to be models of accountability and transparency…Internal controls: Guidance for Private, Government, and Nonprofit Entities is a must read for CEOs and CFOs who want to gain a clear understanding of cost-effective ways to implement the controls necessary to protect their organizations. – Elizabeth Myatt, Chief Executive Officer, World Lung Foundation "If you were looking for the silver bullet to understand and audit internal controls, you just found it. This book will prove invaluable in planning the audit internal controls, you just found it. This book will prove invaluable in planning the audit because it specifically covers COSO and the new AICPA risk assessment auditing standards. " – George I. Victor, CPA, Partner in Charge of Quality Control, Holtz Rubenstein Reminick LLP «Author Lyn Graham gives practical, easy-to-understand guidance for documenting internal controls. I recommend this book for both my clients and our staff. It is very useful for auditors and clients alike.» – David E. Adams, CPA, Partner, Geffen Mesher & Company «This book is an essential guide…and provides very practical advice about what to do(and what not to do) in making an investment in internal controls. The author's expensive experience as an audit firm partner and standard-setter are evident in the details provided. I also recommend this book to teaches of auditing and systems, as it provides a useful background to…how internal controls really should work in today's business environment.» – Jean C. Bedard, CPA, PhD, Timothy B. Harbert Professor of Accountancy, Bentley College

Despite significant developments and widespread theoretical and practical interest in the area of Solid-Propellant Nonsteady Combustion for the last fifty years, a comprehensive and authoritative text on the subject has not been available. Theory of Solid-Propellant Nonsteady Combustion fills this gap by summarizing theoretical approaches to the problem within the framework of the Zeldovich-Novozhilov (ZN-) theory. This book contains equations governing unsteady combustion and applies them systematically to a wide range of problems of practical interest. Theory conclusions are validated, as much as possible, against available experimental data. Theory of Solid-Propellant Nonsteady Combustion provides an accurate up-to-date account and perspectives on the subject and is also accompanied by a website hosting solutions to problems in the book.

The book provides a simple but effective method for carrying out reliable and defensible internal investigations. This easy-to-use guide offers anyone asked to conduct such an investigation a working set of standards, set out in a BASIC approach that follows five main steps: Beginning the Investigation, Assessing the Issues, Substantiating the Claims, Investigating the Implications, and Communicating the results. Using the BASIC approach, all senior employees and associates will be able to to develop an important new skills-set that will help them conduct a credible internal investigation, as and when required.

Das Standardwerk zu Internal Investigations f?hrt die allgemeinen rechtlichen Grundlagen und Anforderungen an unternehmensinterne Ermittlungen mit praxiserprobten Darstellungen der f?r Wirtschaftsunternehmen aller Branchen relevanten Fachgebiete zusammen. Zahlreiche umfassende gesetzliche ?nderungen, wie z.B. bei der Selbstanzeige, im WpHG oder im Korruptionsstrafrecht, waren einzuarbeiten. Erweitert wurde das Handbuch um Beitr?ge zur Personen?berwachung und den kommunikativen Herausforderungen bei einer Internal Investigations sowie presserechtlichen Vorgaben f?r Compliance-Krisen. Im ersten Teil werden s?mtliche grundlegenden Querschnittsthemen wie gesellschafts- und arbeitsrechtliche Grundlagen, Anforderungen an Art und Umfang einer Internal Investigation – auch grenz?berschreitend – aufbereitet. Einen f?r den Praktiker besonderen Reiz haben Kapitel ?ber die Planung und Organisation der Investigation, die Dokumentenanalyse, die Datenaufbereitung sowie die Mitarbeiterbefragung. Standards setzt das Handbuch auch beim Datenschutz, bei Kronzeugen- und Amnestieprogrammen sowie der Reorganisation eines von der Investigation betroffenen Unternehmens. Darauf aufbauend umfasst der zweite Teil ausf?hrliche Kompendien f?r themenspezifische Aufkl?rungsma?nahmen einschlie?lich materiell-rechtlicher Grundlagen sowie prozessualer Besonderheiten u.a. zu den Themen: Korruption im Vertrieb, steuerrechtliche Verfehlungen, Verm?genssch?digung des Unternehmens durch Mitarbeiter, kartellrechtliche Verfehlungen, Geheimnisverrat und illegaler Know-how-Transfer, Unf?lle und Katastrophen, Kapitalmarktstraftaten, Au?enwirtschafts- und Zolldelikte.

Internal Audit: Efficiency Through Automation teaches state-of-the-art computer-aided audit techniques, with practical guidelines on how to get much needed data, overcome organizational roadblocks, build data analysis skills, as well as address Continuous Auditing issues. Chapter 1 CAATTs History, Chapter 2 Audit Technology, Chapter 3 Continuous Auditing, Chapter 4 CAATTs Benefits and Opportunities, Chapter 5 CAATTs for Broader Scoped Audits, Chapter 6 Data Access and Testing, Chapter 7 Developing CAATT Capabilities, Chapter 8 Challenges for Audit,

A unique, integrative look at information-based medicine The convergence of medical science, biology, pharmacology, biomedical engineering, healthcare, and information technology is revolutionizing medical and scientific practice, and has broader social implications still being understood. The Engines of Hippocrates provides a unique, integrative, and holistic look at the new paradigm of information-based medicine, covering a broad range of topics for a wide readership. The authors take a comprehensive approach, examining the prehistory, history, and future of medicine and medical technology and its relation to information; how history led to such present-day discoveries as the structure of DNA, the human genome, and the discipline of bioinformatics; and what the future results of these discoveries may hold. Their far-ranging views are their own and not necessarily those of the IBM Corporation or other employers. The Engines of Hippocrates helps readers understand: Forces shaping the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries today, including personalized medicine, genomics, data mining, and bionanotechnology The relationship between pharmaceutical science today and other disciplines such as philosophy of health, history, economics, mathematics, and computer science The integrated role alternative and non-Western medicines could play in a new, information-based medicine Practical, ethical, organizational, technological, and social problems of information-based medicine, along with a novel data-centric computing model and a self-adaptive software engineering model, and corresponding information technology architectures, including perspectives on sharing remote data efficiently and securely for the common good An unmatched, cross-disciplinary perspective on the big picture of today and tomorrow's medicine, The Engines of Hippocrates provides a reference to interested readers both inside and outside the pharmaceutical and medical communities, as well as a peerless classroom supplement to students in a wide variety of disciplines.