Planning and Executing Credible Experiments

Experiments are the most effective way to learn about the world. By cleverly interfering with something to see how it reacts we are able to find out how it works. In contrast to passive observation, experimenting provides us with data relevant to our research and thus less time and effort is spent separating relevant from irrelevant information. The art of experimentation is often learnt by doing, so an intuitive understanding of the experimental method usually evolves gradually through years of trial and error. This book speeds up the journey for the reader to becoming a proficient experimenter. Organized in two parts, this unique text begins by providing a general introduction to the scientific approach to experimentation. It then describes the processes and tools required, including the relevant statistical and experimental methods. Towards the end of the book a methodology is presented, which leads the reader through the three phases of an experiment: ‘Planning’, ‘Data Collection’, and ‘Analysis and Synthesis’. Experiment! Provides an excellent introduction to the methodology and implementation of experimentation in the natural, engineering and medical sciences Puts practical tools into scientific context Features a number of selected actual experiments to explore what are the key characteristics of good experiments Includes examples and exercises in every chapter This book focuses on general research skills, such as adopting a scientific mindset, learning how to plan meaningful experiments and understanding the fundamentals of collecting and interpreting data. It is directed to anyone engaged in experiments, especially Ph.D. and masters students just starting to create and develop their own experiments.

The new student edition of the definitive reference on urban planning and design Planning and Urban Design Standards, Student Edition is the authoritative and reliable volume designed to teach students best practices and guidelines for urban planning and design. Edited from the main volume to meet the serious student's needs, this Student Edition is packed with more than 1,400 informative illustrations and includes the latest rules of thumb for designing and evaluating any land-use scheme–from street plantings to new subdivisions. Students find real help understanding all the practical information on the physical aspects of planning and urban design they are required to know, including: * Plans and plan making * Environmental planning and management * Building types * Transportation * Utilities * Parks and open space, farming, and forestry * Places and districts * Design considerations * Projections and demand analysis * Impact assessment * Mapping * Legal foundations * Growth management preservation, conservation, and reuse * Economic and real estate development Planning and Urban Design Standards, Student Edition provides essential specification and detailing information for various types of plans, environmental factors and hazards, building types, transportation planning, and mapping and GIS. In addition, expert advice guides readers on practical and graphical skills, such as mapping, plan types, and transportation planning.

The book's aim is to draw together the economics literature relating to planning and set it out systematically. It analyses the economics of land use planning and the relationship between economics and planning and addresses questions like: What are the limits of land use planning and the extent of its objectives?; Is the aim aesthetic?; Is it efficiency?; Is it to ensure equity?; Or sustainability?; And if all of these aims, how should one be balanced against another?

Praise for International and U.S. IPO Planning «Perhaps the greatest value of Frederick Lipman's new book on initial public offerings derives—as its title indicates—from the emphasis that it places on planning. Lipman makes abundantly clear that an IPO is not something to be rushed into by every fledgling firm, as was typical during the dot.com boom of the late 1990s. Indeed, his extensive treatment of the many aspects of preparing a company for an IPO, particularly the non financial aspects, helps the reader to focus on the most important question of all: Is an IPO appropriate for a given company? Somewhat uniquely, Lipman then asks the further question of whether an international IPO might be appropriate for that company even if a domestic one were not. By doing so, he has made a real contribution to this literature.» —Kenneth C. Froewiss, Clinical Professor of Finance, NYU Stern School of Business «We are operating in a global environment in nearly every aspect of business, and structuring/planning for an IPO is no different. The recent changes in regulations for U.S.– listed companies have raised the cost of access of U.S.-listed IPO capital, making foreign exchanges much more attractive. Fred Lipman has created a wonderful guide for managers to seriously access this option for their business. I also hope his book is a wake-up call to U.S. regulators on their impact on the competitiveness of U.S. securities markets.» —Bob Hellman, Managing Partner & CEO, American Infrastructure MLP Funds «This book will be of immense value to the companies planning an IPO. I am particularly struck by the research done by the author, which, in my opinion, makes it an authentic guide for private companies not only in the U.S. but also in Asia, particularly India and China, where a huge opportunity awaits companies to mature into sustainable enterprises by involving a large section of society in their IPO.» —M.K. Chouhan, Chairman, Mahendra & Young Knowledge Foundation, and Vice Chairman of Global Advisory Board, Asian Centre for Corporate Governance «This book contains valuable suggestions for advanced planning for both U.S. and international IPOs and belongs in the library of every entrepreneur and business executive.» —William C. Tyson, Associate Professor, Legal Studies, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania 8 crucial steps to planning a successful IPO International and U.S. IPO Planning outlines the eight step-by-step techniques all private companies must follow to prepare for a successful IPO, either in the U.S. or internationally. From advance planning techniques for both an international and U.S. IPO, to growing a business through acquisitions and «roll-ups» prior to an IPO, to deterring unwanted suitors by inserting carefully placed provisions into the charter, and so much more, International and U.S. IPO Planning provides a wealth of practical and insightful guidance to help the private company go public, regardless of its size or location.

Housing systems in many countries are now more market-oriented than ever before. This is particularly true of the UK, where there is heightened interest in the ability of the market to deliver new housing, as well as considerable debate among housing academics and policy makers over the extent to which policy instruments can be used to steer market processes. This increased market orientation means a greater understanding of market economics is needed. The challenges of providing affordable housing, while simultaneously addressing the problems of low demand housing in some areas, together with the revitalisation of neighbourhoods in need of renewal, also underline the need for a better understanding of the structure and operation of housing markets at local and neighbourhood level. This timely contribution to the field addresses the main housing and planning policy challenges in the UK today. It does so by examining the structure and operation of the urban housing system and then exploring both conceptual and empirical analyses of the workings of the market. The authors then consider the lessons for policy makers, discussing the limitations of the policy framework and considering the strategies for integrating market information into the analysis undertaken in practice. Housing Markets & Planning Policy is an invaluable advanced text for students of land economy, land management, urban planning, housing and urban studies. The authors provide a uniquely detailed analysis of an important policy area that builds on a strong theoretical basis drawn from housing economics. With the challenges posed by the instability of the housing market, it will be of particular interest to academic researchers, policy-makers and housing and planning practitioners.

Clearly divided into three main sections, this practical book familiarizes readers with the area of planning in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry, while introducing several planning and modeling strategies encompassing single site refinery plants, multiple refinery networks, petrochemical networks, and refinery and petrochemical planning systems. It equally provides an insight into possible research directions and recommendations for the area of refinery and petrochemical planning. Furthermore, several appendices are included to explain the general background necessary, including stochastic programming, chance constraint programming, and robust optimization. For engineers and managers working in the petroleum industry as well as academic researchers in production, logistics, and supply chain management.

The authoritative industry guide on good practice for planning and scheduling in construction This handbook acts as a guide to good practice, a text to accompany learning and a reference document for those needing information on background, best practice, and methods for practical application. A Handbook for Construction Planning & Scheduling presents the key issues of planning and programming in scheduling in a clear, concise and practical way. The book divides into four main sections: Planning and Scheduling within the Construction Context; Planning and Scheduling Techniques and Practices; Planning and Scheduling Methods; Delay and Forensic Analysis. The authors include both basic concepts and updates on current topics demanding close attention from the construction industry, including planning for sustainability, waste, health and safety and Building Information Modelling (BIM). The book is especially useful for early career practitioners – engineers, quantity surveyors, construction managers, project managers – who may already have a basic grounding in civil engineering, building and general construction but lack extensive planning and scheduling experience. Students will find the website helpful with worked examples of the methods and calculations for typical construction projects plus other directed learning material. This authoritative industry guide on good practice for planning and scheduling in construction is written in a direct, informative style with a clear presentation enabling easy access of the relevant information with a companion website providing additional resources and learning support material. the authoritative industry guide on construction planning and scheduling direct informative writing style and clear presentation enables easy access of the relevant information companion website provides additional learning material.

Digital Planning and Custom Orthodontic Treatment offers a thorough overview of digital treatment planning as it relates to custom orthodontic treatment. Covers 3D imaging of the dentition and the face with intraoral scanners, CBCT machines, and 3D facial scanners Provides a complete guide to using digital treatment planning to improve the predictability, efficiency, and efficacy of orthodontic treatment Discusses CAD/CAM fabrication of appliances and the monitoring of treatment progress and stability Offers detailed descriptions for the main commercial systems on the market Presents clinically oriented information to aid in yielding high quality and stable results

A highly practical guide rooted in theory to include the necessary background for taking the reader through the planning, implementation and management stages for each type of cellular network. Present day cellular networks are a mixture of the technologies like GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA. They even contain features of the technologies that will lead us to the fourth generation networks. Designing and optimising these complex networks requires much deeper understanding. Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation presents radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation aspects for GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA networks with focus on practical aspects of the field. Experts from each of the domains have brought their experiences under one book making it an essential read for design practitioners, experts, scientists and students working in the cellular industry. Key Highlights Focus on radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation Covers GSM, EGPRS, WCDMA network planning & optimisation Gives an introduction to the networks/technologies beyond WCDMA, and explores its current status and future potential Examines the full range of potential scenarios and problems faced by those who design cellular networks and provides advice and solutions all backed up with real-world examples This text will serve as a handbook to anyone engaged in the design, deployment, performance and business of Cellular Networks. «Efficient planning and optimization of mobile networks are key to guarantee superior quality of service and user experience. They also form the essential foundation for the success of future technology development, making this book a valuable read on the road towards 4G.» —Tero Ojanper?, Chief Technology Officer, Nokia Networks