Smart Grids and Micro-Grids

Practical Guide to International Standardization for Electrical Engineering provides a comprehensive guide to the purpose of standards organizations, their relationship to product development and how to use the standardization process for cost-effective new product launch. It covers major standardization organizations in the field of Electrical Engineering offering a general overview of the varying structures of national standardization organizations, their goals and targets. Key questions for standardization are answered giving the reader guidance on how to use national and international standards in the electrical business. When shall the company start to enter standardization? How to evaluate the standardization in relationship to the market success? What are the interactions of innovations and market access? What is the cost of standardization? What are the gains for our experts in standardization? Key features: Provides guidance on how to use national and international standards in the electrical business. Global active standardization bodies featured include IEEE, IEC and CIGRE as well as regional organizations like CENELEC for Europe, SAC for China, DKE for Germany, and ANSI for USA. Case studies demonstrate how standardization affects the business and how it may block or open markets. Explains the multiple connections and influences between the different standardization organizations on international, regional or national levels and regulatory impact to the standardization processes. Two detailed focused case studies, one on Smart Grid and one on Electro-Mobility, show the influence and the work of international standardization. The case studies explain how innovative technical developments are promoted by standards and what are the roles of standardization organizations are. A valuable reference for electrical engineers, designers, developers, test engineers, sales engineers, marketing engineers and users of electrical equipment as well as authorities and business planners to use and work with standards.

Everyone, whether they like it or not, is exposed to electromagnetic fields, most of the time, at very low levels. In this case, they are inconsequential, but they can cause adverse health effects when they become intense enough. This topic is complex and sensitive. Covering frequencies from 0 Hz to 300 GHz, Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields provides an overview of this vast topic. After a reminder of the concepts of electromagnetic fields, the author presents some examples of sources of radiation in daily life and in the industrial or medical sectors. The biophysical and biological effects of these fields on the human body are detailed and the exposure limits are recalled. The exposure assessment and the implementation of the appropriate regulation within companies are also covered. Technically and practically, this book is aimed at people with a scientific background, risk prevention actors, health physicians, especially occupational doctors, and equipment designers.

Readers are guided step by step through numerous specific problems and challenges, covering all aspects of electrostatics with an emphasis on numerical procedures. The author focuses on practical examples, derives mathematical equations, and addresses common issues with algorithms. Introduction to Numerical Electrostatics contains problem sets, an accompanying web site with simulations, and a complete list of computer codes. Computer source code listings on accompanying web site Problem sets included with book Readers using MATLAB or other simulation packages will gain insight as to the inner workings of these packages, and how to account for their limitations Example computer code is provided in MATLAB Solutions Manual The first book of its kind uniquely devoted to the field of computational electrostatics

Das Lehrbuch umfasst den klassischen Stoff der technischen Thermodynamik in kompakter Form. In den ersten Kapiteln werden die thermodynamischen Grundbegriffe System, Zustandsgro?e, Prozessgro?e, thermisches Gleichgewicht und Temperatur eingefuhrt. Der anschlie?end diskutierte erste Hauptsatz als thermodynamisches Aquivalent der Energieerhaltung erlaubt in seinen unterschiedlichen Formulierungen die saubere Definition von Arbeit, Warme, innerer Energie und Enthalpie. Das Modellsystem des idealen Gases ermoglicht die Ableitung von thermischen und kalorischen Zustandsgleichungen und fuhrt hin zum zweiten Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik, der das Prinzip der Irreversibilitat thermodynamischer Prozesse zum Ausdruck bringt und den Begriff der Entropie motiviert. Die folgenden Kapitel befassen sich mit thermodynamischen Kreisprozessen mit und ohne Phasenanderungen unter Verwendung idealer und realer Gase. Das Buch schlie?t mit einer Einfuhrung in Gasgemische und die Thermodynamik chemischer Reaktionen, die typischerweise in gro?technischen Prozessen auftreten. Das Buch ist vorlesungsbegleitend und zum Selbststudium geeignet: In jedem Kapitel folgt auf die Darstellung der Grundlagen eine auch zum Nachschlagen nutzbare, ausfuhrliche Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Sachverhalte und eine Aufgabensammlung. Diese enthalt Verstandnisfragen im Multiple-Choice-Stil sowie nach Schwierigkeitsgrad gestaffelte Rechenaufgaben. Fur das erfolgreiche Selbststudium sind alle Aufgaben mit zweistufigen Losungshinweisen versehen: im ersten Schritt unterstutzen vertiefende Fragen bei der Erarbeitung des Losungswegs, im zweiten Schritt werden konkrete Hilfestellungen in Form von zu verwendenden Formeln oder Sachverhalten angegeben.

This book investigates the possible ways of improvement by applying more sophisticated electronic structure methods as well as corrections and alternatives to the supercell model. In particular, the merits of hybrid and screened functionals, as well as of the +U methods are assessed in comparison to various perturbative and Quantum Monte Carlo many body theories. The inclusion of excitonic effects is also discussed by way of solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation or by using time-dependent DFT, based on GW or hybrid functional calculations. Particular attention is paid to overcome the side effects connected to finite size modeling. The editors are well known authorities in this field, and very knowledgeable of past developments as well as current advances. In turn, they have selected respected scientists as chapter authors to provide an expert view of the latest advances. The result is a clear overview of the connections and boundaries between these methods, as well as the broad criteria determining the choice between them for a given problem. Readers will find various correction schemes for the supercell model, a description of alternatives by applying embedding techniques, as well as algorithmic improvements allowing the treatment of an ever larger number of atoms at a high level of sophistication.