Digital Libraries and Crowdsourcing

Of vital interest to all librarians and information specialists, this book presents all aspects of the effects of digitization of today's and tomorrow's libraries. From social to technical issues, Digital Libraries includes chapters on the growth of the role of librarian, the reader experience, cataloging, search engines, OPAC, law, ergonomic studies, and the future of libraries.

Crowdsourcing is a relatively recent phenomenon that only appeared in 2006, but it continues to grow and diversify (crowdfunding, crowdcontrol, etc.). This book aims to review this concept and show how it leads to the creation of value and new business opportunities. Chapter 1 is based on four examples: the online-banking sector, an informative television channel, the postal sector and the higher education sector. It shows that in the current context, for a company facing challenges, the crowd remains an untapped resource. The next chapter presents crowdsourcing as a new form of externalization and offers definitions of crowdsourcing. In Chapter 3, the authors attempt to explain how a company can create value by means of a crowdsourcing operation. To do this, authors use a model linking types of value, types of crowd, and the means by which these crowds are accessed. Chapter 4 examines in detail various forms that crowdsourcing may take, by presenting and discussing ten types of crowdsourcing operation. In Chapter 5, the authors imagine and explore the ways in which the dark side of crowdsourcing might be manifested and Chapter 6 offers some insight into the future of crowdsourcing. Contents 1. A Turbulent and Paradoxical Environment. 2. Crowdsourcing: A New Form of Externalization. 3. Crowdsourcing and Value Creation. 4. Forms of Crowdsourcing. 5. The Dangers of Crowdsourcing. 6. The Future of Crowdsourcing. About the Authors Jean-Fabrice Lebraty is Professor of management sciences at IAE (Business School) at Jean Moulin – Lyon 3 University in France and a member of the research laboratory Magellan EA3713. He specializes in the management of information and communication systems and his research notably concerns decision-making and the links between crowd and information technology. Katia Lobre-Lebraty is Associate Professor of management sciences at IAE (Business School) at Jean Moulin – Lyon 3 University in France and a member of the research laboratory Magellan EA3713. She specializes in management control and strategic management and her research concerns both the modes of governance of organizations and Open Data

With combinatorial chemistry millions of organic compounds can be produced simultaneously, quickly, and in most cases by automated procedures. These compound libraries are a cost-effective resource for the pharmaceutical industry in their search for biologically active lead structures. Furthermore simultaneous parallel synthesis of single peptides and peptide libraries solve the problem of the worldwide increasing demand for peptides. The synthetic methods described here in detail contribute to a forward-looking technology that has a high impact for industrial and academic research. Fast and efficient analytical techniques are essential for using the complicated product mixtures and detecting by-products. Various synthetic approaches and technologies, mass spectrometry, and screening assays are discussed extensively. This book is a must and an indispensible source of information for every researcher in this rapidly developing field, which spans organic synthesis, biochemistry, biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and clinical chemistry.

Provides an insightful and practical introduction to crowdsourcing as a means of rapidly processing speech data Intended for those who want to get started in the domain and learn how to set up a task, what interfaces are available, how to assess the work, etc. as well as for those who already have used crowdsourcing and want to create better tasks and obtain better assessments of the work of the crowd. It will include screenshots to show examples of good and poor interfaces; examples of case studies in speech processing tasks, going through the task creation process, reviewing options in the interface, in the choice of medium (MTurk or other) and explaining choices, etc. Provides an insightful and practical introduction to crowdsourcing as a means of rapidly processing speech data. Addresses important aspects of this new technique that should be mastered before attempting a crowdsourcing application. Offers speech researchers the hope that they can spend much less time dealing with the data gathering/annotation bottleneck, leaving them to focus on the scientific issues. Readers will directly benefit from the book’s successful examples of how crowd- sourcing was implemented for speech processing, discussions of interface and processing choices that worked and choices that didn’t, and guidelines on how to play and record speech over the internet, how to design tasks, and how to assess workers. Essential reading for researchers and practitioners in speech research groups involved in speech processing

Solid-phase synthesis of carbohydrates presents unique challenges to synthetic chemists and currently represents one of the hottest areas of research in bioorganic chemistry. Solid Support Oligosaccharide Synthesis and Combinatorial Carbohydrate Libraries addresses the exciting expectation that solid-phase assembly of oligosaccharides will have a fundamental impact on the field of glycobiology. This publication details the methodologies currently investigated for the attachment of carbohydrates to beads, synthesis including coupling strategies, and removal of the product from beads. With chapters written by eminent contributing authors, the material explores different synthetic strategies, glycosylation protocols, the use of solid supports versus soluble polymeric supports, and «on-resin» analytical methods. Tremendous progress in the field has set the stage for Solid Support Oligosaccharide Synthesis and Combinatorial Carbohydrate Libraries to provide a wealth of information on such topics as: Specific oligosaccharide structures used in signal transduction processes Preparation and screening of glycopeptide libraries Solid-phase carbohydrate synthesis

The digitalization of archives produces a huge mass of structured documents (Big Data). Due to the proactive approach of public institutions (libraries, archives, administrations …), this data is more and more accessible. This book aims to present and analyze concrete examples of collective intelligence at the service of digital archives.

In recent years, Moore's law has fostered the steady growth of the field of digital image processing, though the computational complexity remains a problem for most of the digital image processing applications. In parallel, the research domain of optical image processing has matured, potentially bypassing the problems digital approaches were suffering and bringing new applications. The advancement of technology calls for applications and knowledge at the intersection of both areas but there is a clear knowledge gap between the digital signal processing and the optical processing communities. This book covers the fundamental basis of the optical and image processing techniques by integrating contributions from both optical and digital research communities to solve current application bottlenecks, and give rise to new applications and solutions. Besides focusing on joint research, it also aims at disseminating the knowledge existing in both domains. Applications covered include image restoration, medical imaging, surveillance, holography, etc… «a very good book that deserves to be on the bookshelf of a serious student or scientist working in these areas.» Source: Optics and Photonics News

Your road map for meeting today's digital testing challenges Today, digital logic devices are common in products that impact public safety, including applications in transportation and human implants. Accurate testing has become more critical to reliability, safety, and the bottom line. Yet, as digital systems become more ubiquitous and complex, the challenge of testing them has become more difficult. As one development group designing a RISC stated, «the work required to . . . test a chip of this size approached the amount of effort required to design it.» A valued reference for nearly two decades, Digital Logic Testing and Simulation has been significantly revised and updated for designers and test engineers who must meet this challenge. There is no single solution to the testing problem. Organized in an easy-to-follow, sequential format, this Second Edition familiarizes the reader with the many different strategies for testing and their applications, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches. The book reviews the building blocks of a successful testing strategy and guides the reader on choosing the best solution for a particular application. Digital Logic Testing and Simulation, Second Edition covers such key topics as: * Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and cycle-based simulation * Tester architectures/Standard Test Interface Language (STIL) * Practical algorithms written in a Hardware Design Language (HDL) * Fault tolerance * Behavioral Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) * The development of the Test Design Expert (TDX), the many obstacles encountered and lessons learned in creating this novel testing approach Up-to-date and comprehensive, Digital Logic Testing and Simulation is an important resource for anyone charged with pinpointing faulty products and assuring quality, safety, and profitability.

Many computer applications require microprocessors to reliably interconnect and communicate with other peripherals in order to perform their intended functions. Interface design, which includes the development of the methods and processes by which two or more components communicate, is a crucial step in the deployment of microprocessors in an embedded computing environment. ARM-based microprocessors are a leading technology in this field, offering a wide range of performance for different applications. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of interface design from basic logical and theoretical principles to practical implementation on an ARM-based microprocessor, addressing both hardware and software considerations. The microprocessor’s high level of complexity is carefully analysed in the text to provide clear guidance for the reader in the design of new applications, resulting in an invaluable reference resource for graduates and engineers involved in the design of electronic products and systems. Key Features: Brings together aspects of digital hardware, interface design and software integration in a single text to make clear the link between low and high level languages for interface control Categorises interface techniques into easily distinguished chapters, progressively involving greater complexity, enabling the reader to quickly find relevant material for a particular application Provides many practical C-coded examples showing both the preparation and use of complex programmable subsystems implemented in a typical commercial product Presents in each chapter an introduction to the essential theoretical aspects and the development of simple interface designs using basic logical building blocks

Updated to reflect the latest advances in the field, the Sixth Edition of Fundamentals of Digital Logic and Microcontrollers further enhances its reputation as the most accessible introduction to the basic principles and tools required in the design of digital systems. Features updates and revision to more than half of the material from the previous edition Offers an all-encompassing focus on the areas of computer design, digital logic, and digital systems, unlike other texts in the marketplace Written with clear and concise explanations of fundamental topics such as number system and Boolean algebra, and simplified examples and tutorials utilizing the PIC18F4321 microcontroller Covers an enhanced version of both combinational and sequential logic design, basics of computer organization, and microcontrollers