Solid Support Oligosaccharide Synthesis and Combinatorial Carbohydrate Libraries

A unique, integrated look at solid-phase synthesis and advances in combinatorial chemistry and technologies The last decade has seen a rapid expansion in combinatorial technologies, a field where chemistry disciplines intersect with automation, statistics, and information science, as well as certain biological disciplines. Reflecting these multidisciplinary trends, this new work provides a comprehensive overview of the most important aspects of solid-phase synthesis (SPS), combinatorial chemistry, and related combinatorial technologies. It clearly demonstrates how SPS and combinatorial chemistry have extended their application from the pharmaceutical arena to new areas, including biotechnology, material sciences, catalysis, and agrochemical industries, and explores in detail strategies for planning, designing, preparing, and testing of combinatorial libraries in various disciplines. Designed to meet the needs of both experienced combinatorial chemists and newcomers to the field, Solid-Phase Synthesis and Combinatorial Technologies: Surveys the most recent developments in SPS and combinatorial chemistry Explains the entire process, from determining the need for a library to the details necessary for synthesis of the library Discusses choice of format, size, and the rationale behind the design of each synthetic step Surveys the analytical techniques and the purification methods used to characterize and purify combinatorial libraries Employs a large number of examples to illustrate important concepts Includes problems geared toward applying acquired knowledge and designing the steps to SPS/library synthesis Describes the quality control and activity screening of combinatorial libraries for various applications Features a detailed bibliography of more than 1,700 relevant sources

With combinatorial chemistry millions of organic compounds can be produced simultaneously, quickly, and in most cases by automated procedures. These compound libraries are a cost-effective resource for the pharmaceutical industry in their search for biologically active lead structures. Furthermore simultaneous parallel synthesis of single peptides and peptide libraries solve the problem of the worldwide increasing demand for peptides. The synthetic methods described here in detail contribute to a forward-looking technology that has a high impact for industrial and academic research. Fast and efficient analytical techniques are essential for using the complicated product mixtures and detecting by-products. Various synthetic approaches and technologies, mass spectrometry, and screening assays are discussed extensively. This book is a must and an indispensible source of information for every researcher in this rapidly developing field, which spans organic synthesis, biochemistry, biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and clinical chemistry.

Presents both the fundamental concepts and the most recent applications in solid-phase organic synthesis With its emphasis on basic concepts, Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis guides readers through all the steps needed to design and perform successful solid-phase organic syntheses. The authors focus on the fundamentals of heterogeneous supports in the synthesis of organic molecules, explaining the use of a solid material to facilitate organic synthesis. This comprehensive text not only presents the fundamentals, but also reviews the most recent research findings and applications, offering readers everything needed to conduct their own state-of-the-art science experiments. Featuring chapters written by leading researchers in the field, Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis is divided into two parts: Part One, Concepts and Strategies, discusses the linker groups used to attach the synthesis substrate to the solid support, colorimetric tests to identify the presence of functional groups, combinatorial synthesis, and diversity-oriented synthesis. Readers will discover how solid-phase synthesis is currently used to facilitate the discovery of new molecular functionality. The final chapter discusses how using a support can change or increase reaction selectivity. Part Two, Applications, presents examples of the solid-phase synthesis of various classes of organic molecules. Chapters explore general asymmetric synthesis on a support, strategies for heterocyclic synthesis, and synthesis of radioactive organic molecules, dyes, dendrimers, and oligosaccharides. Each chapter ends with a set of conclusions that underscore the key concepts and methods. References in each chapter enable readers to investigate any topic in greater depth. With its presentation of basic concepts as well as recent findings and applications, Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis is the ideal starting point for students and researchers in organic, medicinal, and combinatorial chemistry who want to take full advantage of current solid-phase synthesis techniques.

Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis Edited by Kevin Burgess, Texas A & M University Efficient, high-throughput chemistry is now the focus of many research laboratories. Solid-phase organic syntheses are central to many of these combinatorial and parallel screening methodologies. Consequently, they have been a major scientific theme of the 1990s and promise to remain prominent for the first part of the new millennium. Indeed, a bewildering number of papers have entered the literature on this topic; some report minor modifications enabling transformation of solution-phase methods to a solid support, while others report major innovations. Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis collects, highlights, and critiques some of the key developments in the field. Leading practitioners explain different perspectives on diverse aspects of the area. Specific topics covered include: Syntheses of guanidines Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions S_nAr reactions for the formation of heterocycles Sequence-specific arylalkyne oligomers Resin-supported capture agents and other reagents Synthesis on pins Monitoring of supported reactions using IR Solid-phase syntheses of natural product derivatives Of related interest: Combinatorial Chemistry and Molecular Diversity in Drug Discovery, Eric M. Gordon and James F. Kerwin 1998 (0-471-15518-7) 544 pp. Combinatorial Chemistry Synthesis and Application, Stephen R. Wilson and Anthony W. Czarnik 1997 (0-471-12687-X) 288 pp.

This is the fourth of five books in the Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Synthesis series. Closing a gap in the literature, this is the only series to cover this important topic in organic and biochemistry. Drawing upon the combined expertise of the international «who's who» in amino acid research, these volumes represent a real benchmark for amino acid chemistry, providing a comprehensive discussion of the occurrence, uses and applications of amino acids and, by extension, their polymeric forms, peptides and proteins. The practical value of each volume is heightened by the inclusion of experimental procedures. The 5 volumes cover the following topics: Volume 1: Origins and Synthesis of Amino Acids Volume 2: Modified Amino Acids, Organocatalysis and Enzymes Volume 3: Building Blocks, Catalysis and Coupling Chemistry Volume 4: Protection Reactions, Medicinal Chemistry, Combinatorial Synthesis Volume 5: Analysis and Function of Amino Acids and Peptides The fourth volume in this series is structured in three main sections. The first section is about protection reactions and amino acid based peptidomimetics. The second, and most extensive, part is devoted to the medicinal chemistry of amino acids. It includes, among others, the chemistry of alpha- and beta amino acids, peptide drugs, and advances in N- and O-glycopeptide synthesis. The final part deals with amino acids in combinatorial synthesis. Methods, such as phage display, library peptide synthesis, and computational design are described. Originally planned as a six volume series, Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry now completes with five volumes but remains comprehensive in both scope and coverage. Further information about the 5 Volume Set and purchasing details can be viewed here.

Rave reviews for INTEGER AND COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION «This book provides an excellent introduction and survey of traditional fields of combinatorial optimization . . . It is indeed one of the best and most complete texts on combinatorial optimization . . . available. [And] with more than 700 entries, [it] has quite an exhaustive reference list.»-Optima «A unifying approach to optimization problems is to formulate them like linear programming problems, while restricting some or all of the variables to the integers. This book is an encyclopedic resource for such formulations, as well as for understanding the structure of and solving the resulting integer programming problems.»-Computing Reviews «[This book] can serve as a basis for various graduate courses on discrete optimization as well as a reference book for researchers and practitioners.»-Mathematical Reviews «This comprehensive and wide-ranging book will undoubtedly become a standard reference book for all those in the field of combinatorial optimization.»-Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society «This text should be required reading for anybody who intends to do research in this area or even just to keep abreast of developments.»-Times Higher Education Supplement, London Also of interest . . . INTEGER PROGRAMMING Laurence A. Wolsey Comprehensive and self-contained, this intermediate-level guide to integer programming provides readers with clear, up-to-date explanations on why some problems are difficult to solve, how techniques can be reformulated to give better results, and how mixed integer programming systems can be used more effectively. 1998 (0-471-28366-5) 260 pp.

The fundamental science and the latest developments in carbohydrate-based vaccines The relatively new field of glycoimmunology has emerged from the marriage of glycobiology and immunology, in recognition of the important role carbohydrates play as antigenic determinants. Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines and Immunotherapies comprehensively reviews the state of this exciting field, offering a single source for both the fundamental science and the latest developments. With contributions by leading experts, this resource covers the design, synthesis, evaluation, and applications of various carbohydrate-based vaccines, including polysaccharides, neoglycoproteins, and neoglycolipids. The text approaches vaccine design from a chemical and molecular focus, staying in line with current advances. Key topics covered by Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines and Immunotherapies include: Recent developments towards clinically useful vaccines against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi Using adjuvants to improve immunogenicity and/or immunological properties of vaccines Choosing and designing proper adjuvants for specific targets Abnormal carbohydrates expressed by tumors Carbohydrate-based therapeutic cancer vaccines or cancer immunotherapy Clinical trials results for synthetic cancer vaccines Glycoengineering of cell surface carborhydrates and its anticancer applications Using cell surface carbohydrates for disease diagnosis A single, convenient source of state-of-the-art information from leading authorities in the field, Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines and Immunotherapies is an essential reference for organic chemists and biochemists, academic researchers, and other students and professionals involved in vaccine design.

This practical book combines recent progress with a discussion of the general aspects of catalyst preparation. The first part deals with the basic principles of solid catalyst preparation, explaining the main aspects of sol-gel chemistry and interfacial chemistry, followed by such techniques as co-precipitation and immobilization. New tools for catalyst preparation research, including microspectroscopy and high-throughput experimentation, are also taken into account. The second part heightens the practical relevance by providing six case studies on such topics as the preparation of zeolites, hydrotreating catalysts, methanol catalysts and gold catalysts

Quality measurement, control, and improvement in combinatorial chemistry Combinatorial chemistry has developed rapidly in the past decade, with great advances made by scientists working on analysis and purification of a large number of compounds and the analysis of polymer-bound compounds. However, formidable challenges lie ahead of today's researcher. For example, high-throughput analysis and purification technologies must be further developed to ensure combinatorial libraries are «purifiable,» and «drugable.» To this end, Analysis and Purification Methods in Combinatorial Chemistry describes various analytical techniques and systems for the development, validation, quality control, purification, and physicochemical testing of combinatorial libraries. A new volume in Wiley's Chemical Analysis series, this text has four parts covering: * Various approaches to monitoring reactions on solid support and optimizing reactions for library synthesis * High-throughput analytical methods used to analyze the quality of libraries * High-throughput purification techniques * Analytical methods applied in post-synthesis and post-purification stages Drawing from the contributions of respected experts in combinatorial chemistry, this comprehensive book provides coverage of applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) technologies, as well as other analytical techniques. This eminently useful volume is an essential addition to the library of students and researchers studying or working in analytical chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, biotechnology, biochemistry, or biophysics.

This series offers practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working with catalysts in organic and organometallic synthesis. It features tested and validated procedures, authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts, and assessments of all types of catalysts. Micro- and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts describes the use of zeolites and mesoporous solids as catalysts for the production of fine and specialty chemicals. Specific tips and hints are provided and some typical procedures are described in detail In addition to discussing the pros and cons, several major organic transformations are examined including aromatic substitutions, heterocyclic ring formation, amines synthesis, oligomerisation, oxidation and hydroxylation, and other regioselective and stereoselective reactions Features tutorial introductory chapters, including tips and hints for achieving successful organic transformations Important reactions are featured together with recommendations to resolve potential problems.