Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements

Sensory testing and measurement are the main functions of sensory analysis. In recent years, the sensory and consumer field has evolved to include both difference testing and similarity testing, and new sensory discrimination methods such as the tetrads have received more attention in the literature. This second edition of Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements is updated throughout and responds to these changes and includes: A wide range of sensory measurements: Measurements of sensory effect (d', R-index and Gini-index); Measurements of performance of trained sensory panel (Intraclass correlation coefficients and Cronbach?s coefficient alpha); Measurements of relative importance of correlated sensory and consumer attributes (drivers of consumer liking or purchase intent); Measurements of consumer emotions and psychographics; Measurements of time-intensity; Measurements of sensory thresholds; Measurements of sensory risk with negative sensory effects (Benchmark Dose, BMD, methodology) Measurements of sensory shelf life (SSL). A balanced introduction of sensory discrimination tests including difference tests and similarity tests. Bayesian approach to sensory discrimination tests. Modified and multiple-sample discrimination tests. Replicated discrimination tests using the beta-binomial (BB), corrected beta-binomial (CBB), and Dirichlet-multinomial (DM) models. Sensory discrimination methods including the tetrads and the ?M+N?. R and S-Plus codes for all the measurements and tests introduced in the book. Mainly intended for researchers and practitioners in the sensory and consumer field, the book is a useful reference for modern sensory analysis and consumer research, especially for sensometrics.

A comprehensive review of the recent advances in anechoic chamber and reverberation chamber designs and measurements Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers is a guide to the latest systematic solutions for designing anechoic chambers that rely on state-of-the-art computational electromagnetic algorithms. This essential resource contains a theoretical and practical understanding for electromagnetic compatibility and antenna testing. The solutions outlined optimise chamber performance in the structure, absorber layout and antenna positions whilst minimising the overall cost. The anechoic chamber designs are verified by measurement results from Microwave Vision Group that validate the accuracy of the solution. Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers fills this gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive reference to electromagnetic measurements, applications and over-the-air tests inside chambers. The expert contributors offer a summary of the latest developments in anechoic and reverberation chambers to help scientists and engineers apply the most recent technologies in the field. In addition, the book contains a comparison between reverberation and anechoic chambers and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. This important resource: • Provides a systematic solution for anechoic chamber design by using state-of-the-art computational electromagnetic algorithms • Examines both types of chamber in use: comparing and contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of each • Reviews typical over-the-air measurements and new applications in reverberation chambers • Offers a timely and complete reference written by authors working at the cutting edge of the technology • Contains helpful illustrations, photographs, practical examples and comparison between measurements and simulations Written for both academics and industrial engineers and designers, Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers explores the most recent advances in anechoic chamber and reverberation chamber designs and measurements.

Scientific and technical knowledge for measurements in modern electromagnetism must be vast as our electromagnetic environment covers all frequencies and wavelengths. These measurements must be applied to fields as varied as nanotechnologies, telecommunications, meteorology, geolocalization, radioastronomy, health, biology, etc. In order to cover the multiple facets of the topic, this book sweeps the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from several hertz to terahertz; considers distances ranging from nanometers to light-years in optics; before extending towards the various measurement techniques using electromagnetic waves for various applications. This book describes these different facets in eleven chapters, each covering different domains of applications.

Drug discrimination: a practical guide to its contributions to the invention of new chemical entities and evaluations of new or known pharmacological agents Drug discrimination can be described as a «drug detection» procedure that uses a pharmacologically active agent as the subjective stimulus. Although the procedure does require some effort to implement, it can be an extremely important tool for understanding drug action. Whereas medicinal chemists should come to learn the types of information that drug discrimination studies can offer, pharmacologists and psychologists might come to realize how medicinal chemists can apply the types of information that the paradigm routinely provides. Drug Discrimination: Applications to Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Studies provides in-depth analyses of the nature and use of drugs as discriminative stimuli and bridges some of the numerous gaps between medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and psychology. Stressing the practical aspects of drug discrimination, including types of procedures, study design, data, and interpretation, the book details the advantages and limitations of drug discrimination studies versus other pharmacologic evaluations. Practical information from leading researchers in the field addresses specific topics and techniques that are of interest in drug discovery, evaluation, and development. A groundbreaking new guide to the applications of drug discrimination studies for medicinal chemistry and neuroscience, Drug Discrimination is essential for any scientist, researcher, or student whose interests involve the design, development, and/or action of drugs acting at the level of the central nervous system.

This book discusses experimental designs which are very useful in sensory and consumer testing. As an added feature this coverage is fully illustrated with real-life examples. In addition, the importance of fractional factorial designs are explained more fully than in books now available. The heart of this book is product optimization which covers in great detail designs and analysis of optimization studies with consumers. A rundown of this chapter includes: preliminaries, test for adequacy of statistical model and least squares estimation of regression parameters; why use optimization technique; types of optimization experiments; Plackett and Burman design; Box and Behnken design, mixture designs; search for optimum areas in response surfaces; use of contour maps in product reformulation augmentation of fractional factorial design; optimization with discrete variables, dangers of fractional factorial designs, and optimization for robustness. This book will be valuable for a wide audience of professionals in the areas of sensory, marketing, advertising, statistics, quality assurance, food, beverage, personal care, pharmaceutical, household products, and cosmetic industries. The book could also serve as a text in applied statistics

This book is a collection of chapters linked together by a logical framework aimed at exploring the modern role of the measurement science in both the technically most advanced applications and in everyday life Provides a unique methodological approach to understanding modern measurements Important methods and devices are presented in a synthetic and easy-to-understand way Includes end-of-chapter exercises and solutions

This timely book presents cutting-edge developments by experts in the field on the rapidly developing and scientifically challenging area of full-field measurement techniques used in solid mechanics – including photoelasticity, grid methods, deflectometry, holography, speckle interferometry and digital image correlation. The evaluation of strains and the use of the measurements in subsequent parameter identification techniques to determine material properties are also presented. Since parametric identification techniques require a close coupling of theoretical models and experimental measurements, the book focuses on specific modeling approaches that include finite element model updating, the equilibrium gap method, constitutive equation gap method, virtual field method and reciprocity gap method. In the latter part of the book, the authors discuss two particular applications of selected methods that are of special interest to many investigators: the analysis of localized phenomenon and connections between microstructure and constitutive laws. The final chapter highlights infrared measurements and their use in the mechanics of materials. Written and edited by knowledgeable scientists, experts in their fields, this book will be a valuable resource for all students, faculties and scientists seeking to expand their understanding of an important, growing research area

The only source for practical, real-world information on RF measurements for cellular phones and wireless data systems It is predicted that by the year 2010, all digital wireless communications equipment—including cellular, PCS, and 3G phones; wireless LANs; GPS navigation systems; and DBS TV—will have data transfer capabilities of over 1 Mbps. Now, as this significant turning point quickly approaches, this book presents everything industry professionals need to know about the Radio Frequency (RF) measurements and tests that must be made on this new generation of digital wireless communications equipment. Presenting just enough theory as is absolutely required for comprehension, RF Measurements for Cellular Phones and Wireless Data Systems: Provides a review of basic RF principles and terminology Describes RF measurement equipment, including signal generators, power meters, frequency meters, vector network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, and vector signal analyzers Explains the RF devices that are used in cellular phones and wireless data transmission equipment—how they work, what their critical performance parameters are, how they're tested, and typical test results Illustrates the testing of RF devices and systems with digitally modulated signals that represent the voice, video, or data that the RF wave is carrying RF Measurements for Cellular Phones and Wireless Data Systems has been written to serve as the industry standard for RF measurements and testing. It is an indispensable resource for engineers, technicians, and managers involved in the construction, installation, or maintenance of cell phones and wireless data equipment.

Sensory scientists are often faced with making business decisions based on the results of complex sensory tests involving a multitude of variables. Multivariate and Probabilistic Analyses of Sensory Science Problems explains the multivariate and probabilistic methods available to sensory scientists involved in product development or maintenance. The techniques discussed address sensory problems such as panel performance, product profiling, and exploration of consumer data, including segmentation and identifying drivers of liking. Applied in approach and written for non-statisticians, the text is aimed at sensory scientists who deal mostly with descriptive analysis and consumer studies. Multivariate and Probabilistic Analyses of Sensory Science Problems offers simple, easy-to-understand explanations of difficult statistical concepts and provides an extensive list of case studies with step-by-step instructions for performing analyses and interpreting the results. Coverage includes a refresher on basic multivariate statistical concepts; use of common data sets throughout the text; summary tables presenting the pros and cons of specific methods and the conclusions that may be drawn from using various methods; and sample program codes to perform the analyses and sample outputs. As the latest member of the IFT Press series, Multivariate and Probabilistic Analyses of Sensory Science Problems will be welcomed by sensory scientists in the food industry and other industries using similar testing methodologies, as well as by faculty teaching advanced sensory courses, and professionals conducting and participating in workshops addressing multivariate analysis of sensory and consumer data.

Sensory evaluation is a scientific discipline used to evoke, measure, analyse and interpret responses to products perceived through the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing. It is used to reveal insights into the way in which sensory properties drive consumer acceptance and behaviour, and to design products that best deliver what the consumer wants. It is also used at a more fundamental level to provide a wider understanding of the mechanisms involved in sensory perception and consumer behaviour. Quantitative Sensory Analysis is an in-depth and unique treatment of the quantitative basis of sensory testing, enabling scientists in the food, cosmetics and personal care product industries to gain objective insights into consumer preference data – vital for informed new product development. Written by a globally-recognised learer in the field, this book is suitable for industrial sensory evaluation practitioners, sensory scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in sensory evaluation and sensometricians.